如何在 Ubuntu 中安裝 GDAL？

Question

我已經安裝了 Ubuntu 17.04 版本，我想安裝 GDAL。 我嘗試了幾種安裝方法，但總是出錯。 我已經安裝了 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.6，但我想安裝 Python 2.7

我嘗試按照以下步驟進行安裝：

sudo apt-get install libgdal-dev export
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal export
C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal pip install GDAL

我有這個錯誤：

Collecting GDAL
  Using cached GDAL-2.2.3.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: GDAL
  Running setup.py install for GDAL ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-x3vhb2t4-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal_array.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gdal.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._gdalconst' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdalconst_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdalconst_wrap.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdalconst_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gdalconst.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._osr' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/osr_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/osr_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/osr_wrap.cpp:3339:13: warning: ‘void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void*, int)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void* ptr, int bToFree)
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    extensions/osr_wrap.cpp:3309:14: warning: ‘char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject*, int*)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject* pyObject, int* pbToFree)
                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/osr_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_osr.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._ogr' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/ogr_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/ogr_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/ogr_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_ogr.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._gnm' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gnm_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp:3321:13: warning: ‘void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void*, int)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void* ptr, int bToFree)
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp:3291:14: warning: ‘char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject*, int*)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject* pyObject, int* pbToFree)
                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gnm_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gnm.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    running install_lib
    copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages
    error: could not create '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/gdal.py': Permission denied

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-x3vhb2t4-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/

如果我使用 sudo 執行最后一個命令：sudo pip install GDAL。 我又遇到了這個錯誤...

The directory '/home/josecarlos/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/home/josecarlos/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting GDAL   Downloading GDAL-2.2.3.tar.gz (475kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 481kB 1.3MB/s  Installing collected packages: GDAL   Running setup.py install for GDAL ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install
--record /tmp/pip-w7crvfsd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal_array.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:3168:10: fatal error: cpl_port.h: No existe el archivo o el directorio
     #include "cpl_port.h"
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install
--record /tmp/pip-w7crvfsd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/

如何在 Ubuntu 中安裝 GDAL？

Answer 1

如果您下載軟件包並閱讀 readme.txt，也許您會有更多選擇。 下載頁面

我自己對所有這些命令參數沒有那么自信。

希望對你有幫助^^

Answer 2

也許問題在於 Ubuntu 版本而不是 Python。 我沒有找到太多關於 ubuntu 17 的信息，所以你應該嘗試一下舊版本和更穩定版本的可用信息。

Answer 3

我有 Ubuntu 18.04，這個答案似乎也對她有所幫助。 根據評論，它也適用於 Ubuntu 16.04 和 14.04：

如果您沒有安裝任何 gdal 以前的版本

打開你的終端並輸入

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gdal-bin python-gdal python3-gdal

如果您安裝了以前的版本

打開你的終端並輸入

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade