如何在 Ubuntu 中安装 GDAL？

Question

我已经安装了 Ubuntu 17.04 版本，我想安装 GDAL。 我尝试了几种安装方法，但总是出错。 我已经安装了 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.6，但我想安装 Python 2.7

我尝试按照以下步骤进行安装：

sudo apt-get install libgdal-dev export
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal export
C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal pip install GDAL

我有这个错误：

Collecting GDAL
  Using cached GDAL-2.2.3.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: GDAL
  Running setup.py install for GDAL ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-x3vhb2t4-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal_array.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gdal.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._gdalconst' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdalconst_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdalconst_wrap.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdalconst_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gdalconst.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._osr' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/osr_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/osr_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/osr_wrap.cpp:3339:13: warning: ‘void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void*, int)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void* ptr, int bToFree)
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    extensions/osr_wrap.cpp:3309:14: warning: ‘char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject*, int*)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject* pyObject, int* pbToFree)
                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/osr_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_osr.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._ogr' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/ogr_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/ogr_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/ogr_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_ogr.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    building 'osgeo._gnm' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gnm_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp:3321:13: warning: ‘void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void*, int)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static void GDALPythonFreeCStr(void* ptr, int bToFree)
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    extensions/gnm_wrap.cpp:3291:14: warning: ‘char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject*, int*)’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static char* GDALPythonObjectToCStr(PyObject* pyObject, int* pbToFree)
                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-link.specs -Wl,-z,relro -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gnm_wrap.o -L../../.libs -L../../ -lgdal -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/_gnm.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    running install_lib
    copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages
    error: could not create '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/gdal.py': Permission denied

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-x3vhb2t4-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-iebgcn_u/GDAL/

如果我使用 sudo 执行最后一个命令：sudo pip install GDAL。 我又遇到了这个错误...

The directory '/home/josecarlos/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/home/josecarlos/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting GDAL   Downloading GDAL-2.2.3.tar.gz (475kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 481kB 1.3MB/s  Installing collected packages: GDAL   Running setup.py install for GDAL ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install
--record /tmp/pip-w7crvfsd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdal_array.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/osr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalconst.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/ogr.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gnm.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    copying osgeo/gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    Fixing build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdal_array.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/osr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalconst.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/ogr.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gnm.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/__init__.py build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/osgeo/gdalnumeric.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-sXpGnM/python3.6-3.6.3=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I. -I/usr/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/extensions/gdal_wrap.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:3168:10: fatal error: cpl_port.h: No existe el archivo o el directorio
     #include "cpl_port.h"
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install
--record /tmp/pip-w7crvfsd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-0rp6w4f8/GDAL/

如何在 Ubuntu 中安装 GDAL？

Answer 1

如果您下载软件包并阅读 readme.txt，也许您会有更多选择。 下载页面

我自己对所有这些命令参数没有那么自信。

希望对你有帮助^^

Answer 2

也许问题在于 Ubuntu 版本而不是 Python。 我没有找到太多关于 ubuntu 17 的信息，所以你应该尝试一下旧版本和更稳定版本的可用信息。

Answer 3

我有 Ubuntu 18.04，这个答案似乎也对她有所帮助。 根据评论，它也适用于 Ubuntu 16.04 和 14.04：

如果您没有安装任何 gdal 以前的版本

打开你的终端并输入

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gdal-bin python-gdal python3-gdal

如果您安装了以前的版本

打开你的终端并输入

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade