簡體   English   中英

在Python中從外部文件寫入和讀取特定變量

[英]Write and read specific variables from external file in Python

我正在編寫一個程序,我想在該程序中從/向外部文件讀取和寫入具有不同數據類型的特定變量。 在嘗試了幾個不同的模塊之后,我得到的最接近的結果是使用pickle。 Pickle可以理解不同的數據類型,但它看起來很棒,但是據我了解,Pickle不能從頂部開始逐行讀取數據,而不能像從外部.py文件中那樣按名稱調用特定變量,因此它的功能不足。

如果您編寫新的或更改現有的變量,則此模塊和其他模塊似乎也將覆蓋整個文件,因此,如果您實際上只想更改其中一個,則必須重寫所有數據。

請參見下面的代碼示例。 很長的代碼,很抱歉,我只是想在解釋中做到徹底。

在此特定程序中,文件是否為人類可讀都沒有關系。 誰能指出我可以處理此問題的模塊的方向,還是告訴我我可能做錯了什么?

import pickle

variable1 = "variable1"
variable2 = "variable2"

pickle_out = open("db.pkl","wb")
pickle.dump(variable1, pickle_out)
pickle.dump(variable2, pickle_out)
pickle_out.close()

#So I'll load the variables in again

pickle_in = open("db.pkl", "rb")
variable1 = pickle.load(pickle_in)
variable2 = pickle.load(pickle_in)
print(variable2)
variable2

#Everything good so far.
#But let's say I only want to load variable2 because I can't remember which 
#line it was written on.

pickle_in = open("db.pkl", "rb")
variable2 = pickle.load(pickle_in)
print(variable2)
variable1

#Also, if I'd like to update the value of variable1, but leave the other 
#variables untouched, it wouldn't work as it would just overwrite the whole 
#file.

#Let's say I've loaded in the variables like at the line 17 print statement.

variable1 = "variable1_new"
pickle_out = open("db.pkl","wb")
pickle.dump(variable1, pickle_out)
pickle_out.close()
pickle_in = open("db.pkl", "rb")
variable1 = pickle.load(pickle_in)
variable2 = pickle.load(pickle_in)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
EOFError: Ran out of input

print (variable1)
variable1_new

#So the value of variable1 is correct, but variable2 is no longer in the 
#pickle-file as the whole file was overwritten.

根據您的評論,即所存儲的數據相對簡單,JSON文件可能更易於使用。

考慮以下文件config.json

{
    "str_var": "Somevalue1",
    "list_var": ["value2", "value3"],
    "int_var": 1,
    "nested_var": {
        "int_var": 5
    }
}

現在您可以閱讀和使用以下值

import json

# With statement will close the file for us immediately after line 6
with open("config.json", "r") as config_file:
    # Load the data from JSON as a Python dictionary
    config = json.load(config_file)

# See all top level values
for key, value in config.items():
    print(key, ":", value, "Type", type(value))

# Use individual values
print(config["str_var"])
print(config["list_var"][0])
print(config["nested_var"]["int_var"])

# Do something constructive here
...

# Update some values (e.g. settings or so)
config["str_var"] = "Somevalue2"
config["int_var"] = 5
config["list_var"].append("value4")

# Write the file
json.dump(config, open("config.json", "w"), indent=4, sort_keys=True)

產生以下JSON文件:

{
    "int_var": 5,
    "list_var": [
        "value2",
        "value3",
        "value4"
    ],
    "nested_var": {
        "int_var": 5
    },
    "str_var": "Somevalue2"
}

例如,這允許您加載這樣的配置文件,並且可以隨意使用其中的任何值,而無需知道索引。 希望這為您提供了一個如何使用JSON處理數據的想法。

暫無
暫無

聲明:本站的技術帖子網頁,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0協議,如果您需要轉載,請注明本站網址或者原文地址。任何問題請咨詢:yoyou2525@163.com.

 
粵ICP備18138465號  © 2020-2024 STACKOOM.COM