Python 可執行文件（由 Virtual Conda 環境中的 Pyinstaller）DLL 加載失敗

Question

我在 python 中創建了一個模擬程序，運行它時運行良好。 在 Anaconda 的虛擬環境中運行使用 pyinstaller 創建的該程序的編譯可執行文件時會出現問題。 （我必須使用這個虛擬環境，因為我想通過不使用 mkl 包來減小可執行文件的大小）。 我收到錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Main.py", line 2, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.py", line 1, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\integrate\__init__.py", line 89, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\integrate\quadrature.py", line 10, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\special\__init__.py", line 640, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 714, in load_module
module = loader.load_module(fullname)
ImportError: DLL load failed: Das angegebene Modul wurde nicht gefunden.
[11472] Failed to execute script Main

為了研究缺少的模塊，我編輯了 […]\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\loader\\pyimod03_importers.py 文件並添加了兩個打印命令，這些命令為我提供了全名和文件名變量的當前狀態。 在全名變量是“scipy.special._ufuncs”和文件名變量是“[…]\\AppData\\Local\\Temp_MEI64402\\scipy.special._ufuncs.pyd”之后，可執行文件崩潰了。 為了找出 scipy.special._ufuncs 文件是否丟失，我復制了“[…]\\AppData\\Local\\Temp_MEI64402\\”（它只在可執行文件崩潰前幾秒鍾存在）。 與我懷疑的不同，我在目錄中找到了文件 scipy.special._ufuncs.pyd。 為了測試它是否可能已損壞或其他原因，我在 conda 提示中手動執行了 pyimod03_importers.py 腳本的行，一切正常，沒有錯誤。 我現在真的很困惑，不知道該怎么辦。

我在 Main.spec 文件中嘗試了幾種 hiddenimports 組合，但似乎沒有一個能解決我的問題。 在我正常的python環境下編譯程序時，沒有出現錯誤，但是可執行文件變大了（260Mb），所以這不是真正的解決問題的方法。 使用 UPX 減小大小根本沒有幫助（260Mb 到 180 Mb），這仍然很大。

下面添加了用於創建可執行文件的代碼和命令。 一切都在 Windows 機器上運行。

腳本：Main.py

#%% Import
import Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2
from os.path import isfile
from os.path import isdir
from datetime import date
from class_Error import KennfeldPfadError
from class_Error import SystemSetupPfadError
from class_Error import SpeicherPfadError

#%% Funktionen 

def generate_filename(filenumber):
    datestring = str(date.today())
    if filenumber <= 9:
        numberstring = "00" + str(filenumber)
    elif (filenumber >= 10) & (filenumber <= 99):
        numberstring = "0" + str(filenumber)
    else:
        numberstring = str(filenumber)
    filestring = "result_" + datestring + "_" + numberstring
    return filestring

def run_simulation(data_base):
    if not isdir('D:\\'):
        raise SpeicherPfadError('Kritischer Fehler','Der angegebene Speicherpfad wurde nicht gefunden!') 
    testmode = False
    if testmode == False:
    data_base, ierr = Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.simulation(data_base)
    else:
        print("ACHTUNG: Testmodus ist aktiviert. Es werden keine Ergebnisse geschrieben!!!")
    #some testing routines

    if testmode == False:
        geschrieben = False
        filenumber = 1
        while geschrieben == False:
            filepath = 'D:\\' + generate_filename(filenumber)
            if not isfile(filepath + ".txt"):
                try:
                    # Ergebnis File schreiben
                    f = open(filepath + ".txt", "w")
                    for i in range(len(data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"])):
                        f.write("%12.11e %12.11e %12.11e %12.11e %12.11e\n" %\
                                (data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"][i],\
                                 data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"][i],\
                                 data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"][i],\
                                 data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][i],\
                                 data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][i]))
                    f.close()
                    geschrieben = True
                    print("Ergebnis " + filepath + " geschrieben")
                    break
                except FileNotFoundError:
                    raise SpeicherPfadError('Kritischer Fehler','Der angegebene Speicherpfad wurde nicht gefunden!')
            else:
                filenumber += 1

    return data_base

#%% Daten einlesen
try:
    from numpy import matrix
    from numpy.linalg import inv

    # Parameter
    m1  =  1   #[kg]
    m2  =  1   #[kg]
    c   = 10   #[N/m]
    k   =  1   #[Ns/m]

    data_base = dict()

    M = matrix(((m1,0),(0,m2)))
    data_base["M_inv"] = inv(M);
    data_base["C_sys"] = matrix(((c,-c),(-c,c)))
    data_base["K_sys"] = matrix(((k,-k),(-k,k)))
    data_base["F"] = matrix((1,0))
    data_base["abtastrate"] = 48000.0
    data_base["t_end"] = 100.0

    #%% Rechnen

    run_simulation(data_base)

except KennfeldPfadError as err:
    print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
    input("Press Enter to Exit")
except SystemSetupPfadError as err:
    print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
    input("Press Enter to Exit")
except SpeicherPfadError as err:
    print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
    input("Press Enter to Exit")

腳本：Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.py

from scipy.integrate import ode
from numpy import zeros
from numpy import hstack
from numpy import asmatrix
from time import time
from c_module import Rechenkern

def simulation(data_base):
    ierr = 0
    #Indizierung
    index_masse1 = 0
    index_masse2 = 1

    #Übergabewerte definieren
    dim = len(data_base["M_inv"])

    F_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    x_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    v_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    multi_ex1 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    multi_ex2 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    multi_ex3 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    add_ex1 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
    add_ex2 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)

    Kern = Rechenkern()
    Kern.set_params(data_base["M_inv"], -1.0*data_base["K_sys"], -1.0*data_base["C_sys"], dim, F_ex, x_ex, v_ex, multi_ex1, multi_ex2, multi_ex3, add_ex1, add_ex2, index_masse1, index_masse2)

    #Rechenfunktion für die Zustandswerte des nächsten Zeitschritts
    def f(t, y, Kern):
        v, a = Kern.calc_F(t, y)
        a = a[0:dim,0]
        v = v[0:dim,0]
        result_vektor = hstack((v,a))
        return result_vektor

    #Startwerte und Zeit festlegen
    y0 = asmatrix(zeros((1,dim*2))).transpose(1,0)
    t0 = 0.0
    t1 = data_base["t_end"]
    dt = 1/data_base["abtastrate"]

    #Solver Auswählen
    r = ode(f).set_integrator('vode',method='adams', with_jacobian=True)
    r.set_initial_value(y0, t0).set_f_params(Kern)

    #Listen zum Speichern der Ergebnisse vorbereiten
    counter = 0
    data_counter = 0
    data_base["Ergebnisse"] = dict()
    ergebnislaenge = int(t1*data_base["abtastrate"])
    data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
    data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
    data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
    data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
    data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse2"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)

    #Rechnen    
    start_time = time() 
    counter_time_a = start_time
    while r.successful() and r.t < t1:
      r.integrate(r.t+dt)
      if counter > 10000:
          counter_time_b = time()
          print("Zeit:",r.t, "Performance:", 10000.0/(counter_time_b-counter_time_a), "Hz")
          counter_time_a = counter_time_b
          counter = 0
      else:
          counter = counter+1
      try:
          data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"][data_counter] = r.t
          data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse1]
          data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse1+dim]
          data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse2]
          data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse2"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse2+dim]
          data_counter = data_counter + 1
      except IndexError:
          print("Wert zu viel!")
    end_time = time()
    print("Dauer der Berechnung: " + str(end_time-start_time) + " s")
    return data_base, ierr

腳本：c_module.pyx

from libc.math cimport sin, M_PI
cimport cython

cdef class Rechenkern():

    cdef double[:,:] M_inv
    cdef double[:,:] K_sys
    cdef double[:,:] C_sys
    cdef double[:,:] F_ex
    cdef double[:,:] x
    cdef double[:,:] v
    cdef double[:,:] multi_ex1
    cdef double[:,:] multi_ex2
    cdef double[:,:] multi_ex3
    cdef double[:,:] add_ex1
    cdef double[:,:] add_ex2
    cdef double[:,:] y_val_lb

    cdef int dim
    cdef int index_masse1
    cdef int index_masse2

    def set_params(self, double[:,:] M_inv, double[:,:] K_sys, double[:,:] C_sys, int dim, double[:,:] F_ex, double[:,:] x_ex, double[:,:] v_ex, double[:,:] multi_ex1, double[:,:] multi_ex2, double[:,:] multi_ex3, double[:,:] add_ex1, double[:,:] add_ex2, int index_masse1, int index_masse2):
        self.M_inv = M_inv
        self.K_sys = K_sys
        self.C_sys = C_sys
        self.F_ex = F_ex
        self.x = x_ex
        self.v = v_ex
        self.multi_ex1 = multi_ex1
        self.multi_ex2 = multi_ex2
        self.multi_ex3 = multi_ex3
        self.add_ex1 = add_ex1
        self.add_ex2 = add_ex2

        self.dim = dim
        self.index_masse1 = index_masse1
        self.index_masse2 = index_masse2

    @cython.boundscheck(False)
    @cython.cdivision(True)
    @cython.initializedcheck(False)
    def calc_F(self, double t, double[:] y):
        cdef double[:,:] a, stiffness, damping, system, total
        cdef int i
        for i in range(self.dim):
            self.x[i][0] = y[i]
            self.v[i][0] = y[i+self.dim]
        #Berechnen der äußeren Kräfte
        self.F_ex[self.index_masse1,0] = 1.0*sin(2.0*M_PI*20.0*t)
        #Bilden der Ableitungen
        stiffness = multiply(self.C_sys, self.x, self.dim, self.multi_ex1) #C_sys schon negiert als Parameter übergeben
        damping = multiply(self.K_sys, self.v, self.dim, self.multi_ex2) #K_sys schon negiert als Parameter übergeben
        system = add(stiffness, damping, self.dim, self.add_ex1)
        total = add(system, self.F_ex, self.dim, self.add_ex2)
        a = multiply(self.M_inv, total, self.dim, self.multi_ex3)
        return self.v, a

@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
cdef double[:,:] multiply(double[:,:] A, double[:,:] B, int dim, double[:,:] tmp_out):
    cdef int i,j
    cdef double s
    cdef double[:,:] out = tmp_out
    for i in range(dim): #Zeile
        s = 0.0
        for j in range(dim): #Spalte
            s += A[i,j]*B[j,0]
        out[i,0] = s
    return out

@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
cdef double[:,:] add(double[:,:] A, double[:,:] B, int dim, double[:,:] add_ex):
    cdef int i
    for i in range(dim):
        add_ex[i,0] = A[i,0] + B[i,0]
    return add_ex

腳本：class_Error.py

class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
    pass

class KennfeldPfadError(Error): 
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

class SystemSetupPfadError(Error): 
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

class SpeicherPfadError(Error): 
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

腳本：setup.py

import numpy

try:
    from setuptools import setup
    from setuptools import Extension
except ImportError:
    from distutils.core import setup
    from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Build import cythonize   

setup(
    ext_modules = cythonize("c_module.pyx", annotate=True),include_dirs=[numpy.get_include()]
)

腳本：Main.spec

block_cipher = None

mkl_dlls = [('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_arpack-.E27K2SF75AFV2JAJA2UCDNNFYUB5PRKN.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_blas_su.SU77LBR3GCSGWOMPF2EOOUNRTVGOH5QW.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_test_fo.JF5HTWMUPBXWGAYEBVEJU3OZAHTSVKCT.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libansari.R6EA3HQP5KZ6TAXU4Y4ZVTRPT7UVA53Z.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libbanded5x.GRJEXVLV2RZBSTTPFWQOQINCAR6VPZCI.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libbispeu.5N2XSD7URZS4WTOSLTOG4DDMA4HGB46U.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libblkdta00.G3LQYBY5GAOR5JJGRXYUWYKKDP4OKP2G.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libchkder.6HLXPVTQJEGRZGLI5DFRMNW3SS76BHP6.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libcobyla2.JEGTSUUFJ7DFXWZN5PAYZTTLBDATC4WD.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libd_odr.RVVJB6VEKU75HMLZ5VWMHFXDESN2K6A7.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcosqb.K4J3XBR4PEETMRHZICUWW4LXG5UONZ34.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcosqb.QRGA36MB6CFHWLQN6ETWARR4M4E6P3C2.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcsrch.I2AOPDCXAPDRFNPWY55H5UE7XZSU5CVN.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdet.CF6EYFUDEYPH43I3Z6PMABQVSHN33WMB.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdfft_sub.L7RK2BXXS6VZ7XREQ326OSAIHHPLPCMK.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdfitpack.KTCF3EOE66VRDKN45KBQA4VBAIS552IF.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdgamln.HCGQFIEXCOZOROCO5Y4HSBVSKT76OCHM.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdop853.6TJTQZW3I3Q3QIDQHEOBEZKJ3NYRXI4B.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdqag.XYDTZMPTRTODHGZ2AIXJLHZ6K7SZTGO7.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\liblbfgsb.OPNUZO4Z277J7J477DF55KBT2666RE7H.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libmvndst.FJYIV5KRHEB6IA4GIU6HFBYCEDXO3WN4.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libnnls.5LTQOLAJY5PFO6MOEXWNMRWVFRWHYHKT.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libopenblas.BNVRK7633HSX7YVO2TADGR4A5KEKXJAW.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libslsqp_op.NNY57ZXZ43A4RH3YWFA7BKHP5PC2K3I5.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libspecfun.PT6DS3HUOGYNSXUO4OUKK6ATA7B5KP2K.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libSTOPTEST.B2ZVH7DO5DVZYDS75ZSCHXD5G43HCYD4.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libvode.EZHESKPEGK6QRJZO64W6EHM63B4RVTTZ.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libwrap_dum.26QQ3L55FU6KXMGPYDA53KYMCT2TU35H.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libwrap_dum.JPPGMGH3MZCSHXFMQQGFOSCGZ7ZEQKKE.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
            ('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\msvcp140.dll', '.')]

a = Analysis(['Main.py'],
         binaries=mkl_dlls,
         datas=[('C:\\Anaconda3\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs_cxx.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.')],
         #, 'tkinter', 'matplotlib', 'fixtk'
         #datas=[('C:\\Anaconda3\\envs\\Testing08\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs_cxx.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.'),('C:\\Anaconda3\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.'),],
         hiddenimports=['scipy._lib.messagestream', 'numpy', 'scipy', 'scipy.signal', 'scipy.signal.bsplines', 'scipy.special', 'scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx','scipy.special._ufuncs',
                        'scipy.linalg.cython_blas',
                        'scipy.linalg.cython_lapack',
                        'scipy.integrate',
                        'scipy.integrate.quadrature',
                        'scipy.integrate.odepack',
                        'scipy.integrate._odepack',
                        'scipy.integrate.quadpack',
                        'scipy.integrate._quadpack',
                        'scipy.integrate._ode',
                        'scipy.integrate.vode',
                        'scipy.integrate._dop', 'scipy._lib', 'scipy._build_utils','scipy.__config__',
                        'scipy.integrate.lsoda', 'scipy.cluster', 'scipy.constants','scipy.fftpack','scipy.interpolate','scipy.io','scipy.linalg','scipy.misc','scipy.ndimage','scipy.odr','scipy.optimize','scipy.setup','scipy.sparse','scipy.spatial','scipy.special','scipy.stats','scipy.version'],
         hookspath=[],
         runtime_hooks=[],
         excludes=[],
         win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
         win_private_assemblies=False,
         cipher=block_cipher)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
         cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,
      a.scripts,
      a.binaries,
      a.zipfiles,
      a.datas,
      name='Main',
      debug=False,
      strip=False,
      upx=True,
      runtime_tmpdir=None,
      console=True )

coll = COLLECT(exe,
               a.binaries,
               a.zipfiles,
               a.datas,
               strip=False,
               upx=True,
               name='Main')

我使用以下命令構建可執行文件：

conda create --no-default-packages -n Tesing08 python=3.6.3

activate Tesing08

pip install numpy scipy pyinstaller cython

python setup.py build_ext --inplace

pyinstaller Main.spec --onefile

Answer 1

您必須在該虛擬環境中使用conda install pyinstaller install pyinstaller conda install pyinstaller 。 之后，再次嘗試構建可執行文件