[英]Python: Error while reading and replacing String(with special characters) from file
a.json 文件:
{
"a": "b",
"key": "graph: \"color\" = 'black' AND \"api\" = 'demo-application-v1' nodes",
"c": "d"
}
以下代碼我試過:
string_to_be_replace = "abcd"
string_to = "graph: \"color\" = 'black' AND \"api\" = 'demo-application-v1' nodes"
string_to_be_identified = "\"color\" = \'black\' AND \"api\" = \'demo-application-v1\'"
string_to_be_identified1 = '"color" = \'black\' AND "api" = \'demo-application-v1\''
print string_to_be_identified
print string_to_be_identified1
print string_to.replace(string_to_be_identified1,string_to_be_replace)
print string.replace(string_to, string_to_be_identified,string_to_be_replace)
輸出:
"color" = 'black' AND "api" = 'demo-application-v1' "color" = 'black' AND "api" = 'demo-application-v1' graph: abcd nodes graph: abcd nodes
這工作正常並按預期替換字符串但是
當我嘗試以下方法時不是
方法一:
以讀取模式打開文件,
逐行獲取並替換字符串
with open(path + '/a.json', 'r') as file: read_lines = file.readlines() for line in read_lines: print line.replace(string_to_be_identified,string_to_be_replace) file.close()
輸出:
{ "a": "b", "key": "graph: \\"color\\" = 'black' AND \\"api\\" ='demo-application-v1' node", "c": "d" }
方法二:
以閱讀模式打開文件,
由於文件a.json 有JSON 數據,加載JSON 文件,將JSON 對象轉換為JSON-string,然后替換它。
代碼:
with open(path + '/a.json', 'r') as file:
loadedJson = json.load(file)
print "z: " + str(loadedJson).replace(string_to_be_identified, string_to_be_replace)
file.close()
輸出:
z: {u'a': u'b', u'c': u'd', u'key': u'graph: "color" = 'black' AND "api" = 'demo-application-v1 '節點'}
方法三:
我假設 JSON 字符串中的 Unicode 字符可能會產生問題,因此將 Unicode 字符串轉換為普通字符串,然后嘗試替換字符串
代碼:
def byteify(input):
if isinstance(input, dict):
return {byteify(key): byteify(value)
for key, value in input.iteritems()}
elif isinstance(input, list):
return [byteify(element) for element in input]
elif isinstance(input, unicode):
return input.encode('utf-8')
else:
return input
with open(path + '/a.json', 'r') as file:
loadedJson = json.load(file)
js = byteify(loadedJson)
print "a: " + str(js).replace(string_to_be_identified, string_to_be_replace)
輸出:
a: {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd', 'key': 'graph: "color" = 'black' AND "api" = 'demo-application-v1' node'}
雖然我當然不建議在 JSON 等層次結構中進行任何類型的上下文無關搜索和替換,但您的主要問題是您在 JSON 文件中搜索的字符串已轉義引號(文字\\
字符),因此您必須如果您想進行純文本搜索,也可以考慮這些。 您可以使用原始字符串或自己添加反斜杠,例如:
str_search = r"graph: \"color\" = 'black' AND \"api\" = 'demo-application-v1'"
# or, if you prefer to manually write down the string instead of declaring it 'raw':
# str_search = "graph: \\\"color\\\" = 'black' AND \\\"api\\\" = 'demo-application-v1'"
str_replace = "abcd"
with open("/path/to/your.json", "r") as f:
for line in f:
print(line.replace(str_search, str_replace))
其中,對於您的 JSON,將產生:
{ "a": "b", "key": "abcd nodes", "c": "d" }
(由print
添加的額外新行)。
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