R 文本挖掘 - 刪除特殊字符和引號

Question

我正在 R 中執行文本挖掘任務。

任務：

1) 計算句子

2) 在向量中識別和保存引號

問題 ：

像“...”這樣的假句號和像“Mr.”這樣的標題中的句號必須處理。

文本正文數據中肯定有引號，並且其中會有“...”。 我想從主體中提取這些引號並將它們保存在一個向量中。 （也需要對它們進行一些操作。）

重要提示：我的文本數據在 Word 文檔中。 我使用 readtext("path to .docx file") 在 R 中加載。當我查看文本時，與可重現的文本相反，引號只是“但不是 \\”。

path <- "C:/Users/.../"
a <- readtext(paste(path, "Text.docx", sep = ""))
title <- a$doc_id
text <- a$text

可復制的文本

text <- "Mr. and Mrs. Keyboard have two children. Keyboard Jr. and Miss. Keyboard. ... 
However, Miss. Keyboard likes being called Miss. K [Miss. Keyboard is a bit of a princess ...]
 \"Mom how are you o.k. with being called Mrs. Keyboard? I'll never get it...\". "


#  splitting by "." 
unlist(strsplit(text, "\\."))

問題是它被錯誤的句號分裂了我試過的解決方案：

# getting rid of . in titles 
vec <- c("Mr.", "Mrs.", "Ms.", "Miss.", "Dr.", "Jr.")
vec.rep <- c("Mr", "Mrs", "Ms", "Miss", "Dr", "Jr")

library(gsubfn)
# replacing . in titles
gsubfn("\\S+", setNames(as.list(vec.rep), vec), text)

問題在於它並沒有取代 [Miss. by [小姐

識別報價：

stri_extract_all_regex(text, '"\\S+"')

但這也行不通。 （它與 \\" 與下面的代碼一起使用）

stri_extract_all_regex("some text \"quote\" some other text", '"\\S+"')

確切的預期向量是：

sentences <- c("Mr and Mrs Keyboard have two children. ", "Keyboard Jr and Miss Keyboard.", "However, Miss Keyboard likes being called Miss K [Miss Keyboard is a bit of a princess ...]", ""Mom how are you ok with being called Mrs Keyboard? I'll never get it...""

我希望將句子分開（這樣我就可以計算出每個段落中有多少個句子）。 和引號也分開了。

quotes <- ""Mom how are you ok with being called Mrs Keyboard? I'll never get it...""

Answer 1

您可以使用匹配所有當前vec值

gsubfn("\\w+\\.", setNames(as.list(vec.rep), vec), text)

也就是說， \\w+匹配 1 個或多個單詞字符和\\. 匹配一個點。

接下來，如果您只想提取引號，請使用

regmatches(text, gregexpr('"[^"]*"', text))

"匹配 a "和[^"]*匹配 0 個或多個字符而不是" 。

如果您打算將句子與引號匹配，您可以考慮

regmatches(text, gregexpr('\\s*"[^"]*"|[^"?!.]+[[:space:]?!.]+[^"[:alnum:]]*', trimws(text)))

細節

• \\\\s* - 0+ 個空格
• "[^"]*" - 一個" ，除"和"之外的 0+ 個字符
• | - 或者
• [^"?!.]+ - 0+ 個字符，除了? , " , ! 和.
• [[:space:]?!.]+ - 1 個或多個空格， ? ， ! 或. 字符
• [^"[:alnum:]]* - 0+ 非字母數字和"字符

R 示例代碼：

> vec <- c("Mr.", "Mrs.", "Ms.", "Miss.", "Dr.", "Jr.")
> vec.rep <- c("Mr", "Mrs", "Ms", "Miss", "Dr", "Jr")
> library(gsubfn)
> text <- gsubfn("\\w+\\.", setNames(as.list(vec.rep), vec), text)
> regmatches(text, gregexpr('\\s*"[^"]*"|[^"?!.]+[[:space:]?!.]+[^"[:alnum:]]*', trimws(text)))
[[1]]
[1] "Mr and Mrs Keyboard have two children. "                                                       
[2] "Keyboard Jr and Miss Keyboard. ... \n"                                                         
[3] "However, Miss Keyboard likes being called Miss K [Miss Keyboard is a bit of a princess ...]\n "
[4] "\"Mom how are you o.k. with being called Mrs Keyboard? I'll never get it...\""