將csv轉換為json（嵌套對象）

Question

我是python的新手，我必須將csv文件轉換為以下格式的json：

CSV文件：

firstname, lastname, email, customerid, dateadded, customerstatus
john, doe, john.doe@do.com, 124,26/11/18,active
jane, doe, jane.doe@do.com, 125,26/11/18,active

JSON格式：

{
    firstname: "John",
    lastname: "Doe",
    emailOrPhone: "john.doe@do.com",
    extraFields: [{
            name: "customerid",
            value: "124"
        },
        {
            name: "dateadded",
            value: "26/11/18"
        },
        {
            name: "dateadded",
            value: "26/11/18"
        }
    ]
}, {
    firstname: "Jane",
    lastname: "Doe",
    emailOrPhone: "Jane.doe@do.com",
    extraFields: [{
            name: "customerid",
            value: "125"
        },
        {
            name: "dateadded",
            value: "26/11/18"
        },
        {
            name: "dateadded",
            value: "26/11/18"
        }
    ]
}


current code I am using:
import requests
import json
import time
import csv
import json
import glob
import os
import logging


for filename in glob.glob('D:\\api\\Extract.csv'):
    csvfile = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
    jsonfile = csvfile + '.json'

    with open(csvfile+'.csv') as f:
        reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        rows = list(reader)

    with open(jsonfile, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(rows, f)

url = 'api_url'

with open("D:\\api\\Extract.json", "r") as read_file:
    data = json.load(read_file)

    for item in data:


        headers = {"Authorization" : "key", "Content-Type" : "application/json"}

        r = requests.post(url, data= json.dumps(item), headers= headers)



        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='%(asctime)s %(message)s',
                    handlers=[logging.FileHandler("D:\\api\\log_file.log"),
                              logging.StreamHandler()])

我可以在json中生成父值，但是我不確定如何獲取子節點並將列名解析為值並像這樣遍歷整個文件。 上面的代碼將csv轉換為簡單的json對象，我想實現嵌套對象。 我在想也許追加將是解決方案，但不確定如何將列作為值和相應的數據作為值傳遞。

Answer 1

您可以使用csv.DictReader ，在迭代每一行時可以訪問列名。 然后，您可以按以下步驟構建每個項目：

import json
import csv

primary_fields = ['firstname', 'lastname', 'email']
result = []
with open('mydata.csv') as csv_file:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file, skipinitialspace=True)
    for row in reader:
        d = {k: v for k, v in row.items() if k in primary_fields}
        d['extraFields'] = [{'name': k, 'value': v} for k, v in row.items() if k not in primary_fields]
        result.append(d)

print(json.dumps(result, indent=2))

產量

[
  {
    "firstname": "john",
    "lastname": "doe",
    "email": "john.doe@do.com",
    "extraFields": [
      {
        "name": "customerid",
        "value": "124"
      },
      {
        "name": "dateadded",
        "value": "26/11/18"
      },
      {
        "name": "customerstatus",
        "value": "active"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "firstname": "jane",
    "lastname": "doe",
    "email": "jane.doe@do.com",
    "extraFields": [
      {
        "name": "customerid",
        "value": "125"
      },
      {
        "name": "dateadded",
        "value": "26/11/18"
      },
      {
        "name": "customerstatus",
        "value": "active"
      }
    ]
  }
]

如果您想在最終的json中設置自定義字段名稱（例如， emailOrPhone為email ），則始終可以手動為d設置字段名稱並設置適當的值

Answer 2

在稍微復雜得多，需要的是，但你可以嘗試建立您的JSON數組，你在你的價值觀從CSV文件中讀取，然后輸出你的結果到.json與文件json.dump底：

from csv import reader
from json import dump

top_fields = ["firstname", "lastname", "email"]
extra_fields = ["customerid", "dateadded", "customerstatus"]

data = []
with open("customers.csv") as csv_in:
    csv_reader = reader(csv_in)

    # Get headers
    headers = list(map(str.strip, next(csv_reader)))

    for row in csv_reader:
        json_object = {}

        # Build dictionary for each row
        row_map = dict(zip(headers, map(str.strip, row)))

        # Add in top fields first
        for top in top_fields:
            json_object[top] = row_map[top]

        # Then add in extra fields
        for extra in extra_fields:
            json_object.setdefault("extraFields", []).append(
                {"name": extra, "value": row_map[extra]}
            )

        data.append(json_object)

with open("customers.json", "w") as fp:
    dump(data, fp, indent=4, sort_keys=True)

這給出了以下customer.json ：

[
    {
        "email": "john.doe@do.com",
        "extraFields": [
            {
                "name": "customerid",
                "value": "124"
            },
            {
                "name": "dateadded",
                "value": "26/11/18"
            },
            {
                "name": "customerstatus",
                "value": "active"
            }
        ],
        "firstname": "john",
        "lastname": "doe"
    },
    {
        "email": "jane.doe@do.com",
        "extraFields": [
            {
                "name": "customerid",
                "value": "125"
            },
            {
                "name": "dateadded",
                "value": "26/11/18"
            },
            {
                "name": "customerstatus",
                "value": "active"
            }
        ],
        "firstname": "jane",
        "lastname": "doe"
    }
]

Answer 3

import csv
import sys
import json

#EDIT THIS LIST WITH YOUR REQUIRED JSON KEY NAMES
fieldnames=["firstname","secondname","age"]

def convert(filename):
  csv_filename = filename[0]
  print "Opening CSV file: ",csv_filename 
  f=open(csv_filename, 'r')
  csv_reader = csv.DictReader(f,fieldnames)
  json_filename = csv_filename.split(".")[0]+".json"
  print "Saving JSON to file: ",json_filename
  jsonf = open(json_filename,'w') 
  data = json.dumps([r for r in csv_reader])
  jsonf.write(data) 
  f.close()
  jsonf.close()

if __name__=="__main__":
  convert(sys.argv[1:])

用法：

python csv2json.py myCSVfile.txt

其中myCSVfile.txt是您的CSV文件（根據您的喜好命名）。

它將在名為myCSVfile.json的文件中創建一個JSON數組。

就這樣。