從文件中讀取一行並分割字符串

Question

我希望你能回答我的問題。 我是python的新手，所以請您幫忙。 我想打開一個包含以下幾行的文件。 我想閱讀每一行並將其每個字符作為字符串存儲到列表中。

A B 2

A E 2

A W 1

B D 5

B W 4

B C 2

B F 3

C F 7

C V 9

D E 1

D J 7

E K 3

F L 2

F M 7

F R 3

F Y 1

G K 8

G J 5

我想像這樣存儲有關每行的信息：[AB 2]，[AE 2]將是['A'，'B'，'2']，['A'，'E'，'2']

Answer 1

您可以執行以下操作：

with open('testfile.txt') as fp:
    content = [elem
               for line in fp.readlines()
               for elem in [line.split()]
               if elem]
    print(content)

這產生

[['A', 'B', '2'], ['A', 'E', '2'], ['A', 'W', '1'], ['B', 'D', '5'], ['B', 'W', '4'], ['B', 'C', '2'], ['B', 'F', '3'], ['C', 'F', '7'], ['C', 'V', '9'], ['D', 'E', '1'], ['D', 'J', '7'], ['E', 'K', '3'], ['F', 'L', '2'], ['F', 'M', '7'], ['F', 'R', '3'], ['F', 'Y', '1'], ['G', 'K', '8'], ['G', 'J', '5']]

Answer 2

另外，作為一個顯式循環：

data = []

with open(filename) as f:
    for line in f:
        line = line.rstrip()
        if line == '':
            continue
        data.append(line.split())

Answer 3

我在這里比較了建議（3個具有列表理解功能，另外3個具有for循環迭代功能並附加到列表中）：

def f_jan(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        return [
            elem
            for line in f.readlines()
            for elem in [line.split()]
            if elem]

def f_mateen_ulhaq_1(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        return [
            elem.split()
            for elem in map(str.rstrip, f)
            if elem]

def f_ralf_1(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        return [
            line.split()
            for line in f
            if line != '\n']

def f_mateen_ulhaq_2(filename):
    data = []
    with open(filename) as f:
        for line in f:
            line = line.rstrip()
            if line == '':
                continue
            data.append(line.split())

    return data

def f_mateen_ulhaq_3(filename):
    data = []
    with open(filename) as f:
        for line in f:
            if line == '\n':
                continue
            data.append(line.split())

    return data

def f_ralf_2(filename):
    data = []
    with open(filename) as f:
        for line in f:
            if line != '\n':
                data.append(line.split())

    return data

我創建了2個文件，一個文件包含問題中提供的100行示例輸入，另一個文件包含100.000行相同的輸入。

我測試了它們都返回相同的數據：

filename_1 = 'test_100_lines.txt'
assert (f_jan(filename_1)
        == f_mateen_ulhaq_1(filename_1)
        == f_ralf_1(filename_1)
        == f_mateen_ulhaq_2(filename_1)
        == f_mateen_ulhaq_3(filename_1)
        == f_ralf_2(filename_1))

然后，使用timeit ，我比較了速度（對大型文本文件使用較少的重復次數）：

for fn, number in[
    ('test_100_lines.txt', 10000),
    ('test_100000_lines.txt', 100),
]:
    for func in [
            f_jan,
            f_mateen_ulhaq_1,
            f_ralf_1,
            f_mateen_ulhaq_2,
            f_mateen_ulhaq_3,
            f_ralf_2,
    ]:
        t = timeit.timeit('func(fn)', 'from __main__ import fn, func', number=number)
        print('{:25s} {:20s} {:10.4f} seconds'.format(fn, func.__name__, t))

大小輸入的最快解決方案是f_ralf_1 （不帶.strip()列表理解，僅與\\n進行比較）：

test_100_lines.txt        f_jan                    0.5019 seconds
test_100_lines.txt        f_mateen_ulhaq_1         0.4483 seconds
test_100_lines.txt        f_ralf_1                 0.3657 seconds
test_100_lines.txt        f_mateen_ulhaq_2         0.4523 seconds
test_100_lines.txt        f_mateen_ulhaq_3         0.3854 seconds
test_100_lines.txt        f_ralf_2                 0.3886 seconds

test_100000_lines.txt     f_jan                    3.1178 seconds
test_100000_lines.txt     f_mateen_ulhaq_1         2.6396 seconds
test_100000_lines.txt     f_ralf_1                 1.8084 seconds
test_100000_lines.txt     f_mateen_ulhaq_2         2.7143 seconds
test_100000_lines.txt     f_mateen_ulhaq_3         2.0398 seconds
test_100000_lines.txt     f_ralf_2                 2.0246 seconds