具有Identity Core中角色的JWT授權

Question

我無法理解Identity Core Roles

我的AccountController如下所示，我在GenerateJWTToken方法的聲明中添加了Roles ：

[HttpPost("Login")]
    public async Task<object> Login([FromBody] LoginBindingModel model)
    {
        var result = await this.signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.UserName, model.Password, false, false);

        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            var appUser = this.userManager.Users.SingleOrDefault(r => r.UserName == model.UserName);
            return await GenerateJwtToken(model.UserName, appUser);
        }

        throw new ApplicationException("INVALID_LOGIN_ATTEMPT");
    }

    [HttpPost("Register")]
    public async Task<object> Register([FromBody] RegistrationBindingModel model)
    {
        var user = new ApplicationUser
        {
            UserName = model.UserName,
            Email = model.Email,
            FirstName = model.FirstName,
            LastName = model.LastName
        };
        var result = await this.userManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);

        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            await this.signInManager.SignInAsync(user, false);
            return await this.GenerateJwtToken(model.UserName, user);
        }

        throw new ApplicationException("UNKNOWN_ERROR");
    }

    private async Task<object> GenerateJwtToken(string userName, IdentityUser user)
    {
        var claims = new List<Claim>
        {
            new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName),
            new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
            new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id),
            new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, Role.Viewer.ToString()),
            new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, Role.Developer.ToString()),
            new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, Role.Manager.ToString())
        };

        var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(this.configuration["JwtKey"]));
        var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
        var expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(Convert.ToDouble(this.configuration["JwtExpireDays"]));

        var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
            this.configuration["JwtIssuer"],
            this.configuration["JwtIssuer"],
            claims,
            expires: expires,
            signingCredentials: creds);

        return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
    }

通過此代碼，我的令牌可以與[Authorize]控制器的屬性完美配合。

我的問題是，在哪個步驟role向我的注冊user添加role以使用（例如） [Authorize("Admin")] ？ 如何將role保存到數據庫？

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[Authorize] //in this form it works ok, but how to add roles to it with JWT Token?
            //how to register user to role and get this role to JWT Token?
[ApiController]
public class DefaultController : ControllerBase

我的ApplicationUser ：

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

Roles枚舉：

public enum Role
{
    Viewer,
    Developer,
    Manager
}

如何將有關用戶角色的信息保存到身份數據庫，並在登錄時如何使該角色正常工作的[Authorize]屬性？

編輯：

我想要做的是將Roles存儲在用戶的枚舉中。 我想將用戶注冊為Developer ， Manager等。我相信我可以通過ApplicationUser並添加Role屬性，但是從中我無法通過屬性[Authorization(role)]獲得授權

Answer 1

您無需使用IdentityUser和身份數據庫，而使用的是JWT。 創建具有定義的Roles屬性的User模型，然后簡單地將其持久保存在數據庫中。 喜歡：

public class User
{
   public string FirstName { get; set; }
   public string LastName { get; set; }
   public Role Role { get; set; }
}

public enum Role
{
   Viewer,
   Developer,
   Manager
}

令牌：

var user = // ...
var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
var key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(your_seccret_key);
var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
    Subject = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[] 
         {
             new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.FirstName),
             new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.LastName),
             new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, user.Role)
         }),
     Expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(1),
     SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(key),SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature)
 };
 var token = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor);
 user.Token = tokenHandler.WriteToken(token);

控制器方法：

[Authorize(Roles = Role.Developer)]
[HttpGet("GetSomethongForAuthorizedOnly")]
public async Task<object> GetSomething()
{ 
   // .... todo
}

Answer 2

您可以將內置的角色管理與ASP.NET Identity結合使用。 由於您使用的是ASP.NET Core 2.1，因此您可以首先參考以下鏈接來啟用身份系統中的角色：

https://stackoverflow.com/a/54069826/5751404

啟用角色后，您可以注冊角色/用戶，然后向用戶添加角色，例如：

private async Task CreateUserRoles()
{   
    IdentityResult roleResult;
    //Adding Admin Role
    var roleCheck = await _roleManager.RoleExistsAsync("Admin");
    if (!roleCheck)
    {

        IdentityRole adminRole = new IdentityRole("Admin");
        //create the roles and seed them to the database
        roleResult = await _roleManager.CreateAsync(adminRole);

        _roleManager.AddClaimAsync(adminRole, new Claim(ClaimTypes.AuthorizationDecision, "edit.post")).Wait();
        _roleManager.AddClaimAsync(adminRole, new Claim(ClaimTypes.AuthorizationDecision, "delete.post")).Wait();

        ApplicationUser user = new ApplicationUser {
            UserName = "YourEmail", Email = "YourEmail",

        };
        _userManager.CreateAsync(user, "YourPassword").Wait();

        await _userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, "Admin");
    }

}

這樣，當該用戶登錄到您的應用程序時，您可以在ClaimsPrincipal中找到role聲明，並且可以與帶有角色的Authorize屬性一起使用。