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R中的馬爾可夫鏈的手動模擬(3)

[英]Manual simulation of Markov Chain in R (3)

我已嘗試改進以前的代碼,以便可以合並條件概率

源代碼

states <- c(1, 2)
alpha <- c(1, 1)/2
mat <- matrix(c(0.5, 0.5, 
                0, 1), nrow = 2, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE) 

# this function calculates the next state, if present state is given. 
# X = present states
# pMat = probability matrix
nextX <- function(X, pMat)
{
    #set.seed(1)

    probVec <- vector() # initialize vector

    if(X == states[1]) # if the present state is 1
    {
        probVec <- pMat[1,] # take the 1st row
    }

    if(X==states[2]) # if the prsent state is 2
    {
        probVec <- pMat[2,] # take the 2nd row
    }

    return(sample(states, 1, replace=TRUE, prob=probVec)) # calculate the next state
}

# this function simulates 5 steps 
steps <- function(alpha1, mat1, n1)
{
    vec <- vector(mode="numeric", length = n1+1) # initialize an empty vector

    X <- sample(states, 1, replace=TRUE, prob=alpha1) # initial state
    vec[1] <- X

    for (i in 2:(n1+1))
    {
        X <- nextX(X, mat1)
        vec[i] <- X
    }

    return (vec)
}

# this function repeats the simulation n1 times.
# steps(alpha1=alpha, mat1=mat, n1=5)
simulate <- function(alpha1, mat1, n1)
{
    mattt <- matrix(nrow=n1, ncol=6, byrow=T);

    for (i in 1:(n1)) 
    {
        temp <- steps(alpha1, mat1, 5)
        mattt[i,] <- temp
    }

    return (mattt)
}    

執行

我創建了此函數,以便它可以處理任何條件概率:

prob <- function(simMat, fromStep, toStep, fromState, toState)
{
    mean(simMat[toStep+1, simMat[fromStep+1, ]==fromState]==toState) 
}

sim <- simulate(alpha, mat, 10)

p <- prob(sim, 0,1,1,1) # P(X1=1|X0=1)
p

產量

NaN

為什么此源代碼提供NaN

我該如何糾正?

我沒有檢查其余的代碼,但似乎只有prob有錯誤; 您將行與列混合在一起,而是

prob <- function(simMat, fromStep, toStep, fromState, toState)
  mean(simMat[simMat[, fromStep + 1] == fromState, toStep + 1] == toState) 

然后,由於以下原因, NaN仍然是有效的可能性。 我們正在研究一個條件概率P(X 1 = 1 | X 0 = 1),根據定義,只有當P(X 0 = 1)> 0時才可以很好地定義它。 樣本估計值也是如此:如果沒有X 0 = 1的情況,則prob內均值的“分母”為零。 因此,它不能也不應該被修復(即,在這些情況下返回0將是錯誤的)。

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