如何將值從一個 class 返回到另一個？

Question

我正在嘗試將entry_username從 class Window1返回到名為Window2的 class 。

我的完整代碼在底部

我的目標是在Window2中顯示一個 Label 顯示剛剛從Window1登錄的用戶名

記住，我在 windows2 中使用筆記本。

這是我在Window2中嘗試過的：

self.User = Label(main, text = Window1().entry_username.get())

但這會給我一個錯誤：

TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'master'

我的密碼文件：

test:1

def main():
    root = Tk()
    app = Window1(root)

    root.mainloop()

class Window1:
    def __init__(self,master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.title("User Log In")
        self.master.geometry('400x150')
        self.frame = Frame(self.master)
        self.frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)


        self.label_username = Label(self.frame, text="Username: ",font=("bold",16))
        self.entry_username = Entry(self.frame, font = ("bold", 14))
        self.label_password = Label(self.frame, text="Password: ",font=("bold",16))
        self.entry_password = Entry(self.frame, show="*", font = ("bold", 14))

        self.label_username.pack()
        self.entry_username.pack()
        self.label_password.pack()
        self.entry_password.pack()

        self.logbtn = Button(self.frame, text="Login", font = ("bold", 10), command=self._login_btn_clicked)
        self.logbtn.pack()



    def _login_btn_clicked(self):
        # print("Clicked")
        username = self.entry_username.get()
        password = self.entry_password.get()

        # print(username, password)
        account_list = [line.split(":", maxsplit=1) for line in open("passwords.txt")]
        # list of 2-tuples. Usersnames with colons inside not supported.
        accounts = {key: value.rstrip() for key, value in account_list}
        # Convert to dict[username] = password, and slices off the line ending.
        # Does not support passwords ending in whitespace.
        if accounts[username] == password:
            self.master.withdraw()
            self.newWindow = Toplevel(self.master)
            self.app = Window2(self.newWindow)

        else:
            self.entry_username.delete(0,"end")



class Window2:
    def __init__(self,master):
        notebook = ttk.Notebook(master)

        notebook.pack(expand = 1, fill = "both")
        #Frames
        main = ttk.Frame(notebook)

        notebook.add(main, text='Main-Screen')




if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

更新：30/09/2019 這是正確的嗎？

def main():
    root = Tk()
    app = Window1(root)

    root.mainloop()

class Window1:
    def __init__(self,master,username): #added code
        self.username = username#added code 2

        self.master = master
        self.master.title("User Log In")
        self.master.geometry('400x150')
        self.frame = Frame(self.master)
        self.frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)

        username = 'KOB' #added code 3
        window_1_instance = Window1(username) # added code 4

        self.label_username = Label(self.frame, text="Username: ",font=("bold",16))
        self.entry_username = Entry(self.frame, font = ("bold", 14))
        self.label_password = Label(self.frame, text="Password: ",font=("bold",16))
        self.entry_password = Entry(self.frame, show="*", font = ("bold", 14))

        self.label_username.pack()
        self.entry_username.pack()
        self.label_password.pack()
        self.entry_password.pack()

        self.logbtn = Button(self.frame, text="Login", font = ("bold", 10), command=self._login_btn_clicked)
        self.logbtn.pack()



    def _login_btn_clicked(self):
        # print("Clicked")
        username = self.entry_username.get()
        password = self.entry_password.get()

        # print(username, password)
        account_list = [line.split(":", maxsplit=1) for line in open("passwords.txt")]
        # list of 2-tuples. Usersnames with colons inside not supported.
        accounts = {key: value.rstrip() for key, value in account_list}
        # Convert to dict[username] = password, and slices off the line ending.
        # Does not support passwords ending in whitespace.
        if accounts[username] == password:
            self.master.withdraw()
            self.newWindow = Toplevel(self.master)
            self.app = Window2(self.newWindow)

        else:
            self.entry_username.delete(0,"end")



class Window2:
    def __init__(self,master):
        notebook = ttk.Notebook(master)

        notebook.pack(expand = 1, fill = "both")
        #Frames
        main = ttk.Frame(notebook)

        notebook.add(main, text='Main-Screen')

        self.User = Label(main, text=window_1_instance.username)#added code 5


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

Window1是整個class的名字。 您需要 class 的單個 object 實例，然后從其中檢索實例變量。

例如

class Window1:

    def __init__(self, username):
        self.username = username

...

username = 'KOB'
window_1_instance = Window1(username)

....

self.User = Label(main, text=window_1_instance.username)

在這行代碼中：

self.User = Label(main, text = Window1().entry_username.get())

Window1()正在創建 class 的實例，與我在上面所做的相同，只是沒有將其傳遞給變量。 由於您已定義Window1構造函數（ __init__方法）以將master作為參數，因此您需要將此行更改為：

self.User = Label(main, text = Window1(master=<instance of master>).entry_username.get())

這正是錯誤告訴您的內容：

TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'master'

Answer 2

兩種方式：

1. 直接訪問調用 class 的值，如print(foo.x)
2. 在第一個 class 中創建一個吸氣劑並從第二個調用吸氣劑，如k = foo.getVal()

使用這兩種方法在類之間傳遞值的基本示例：

class foo():
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 42
    def getVal(self):
      return self.x

class bar(object):
    def __init__(self, foo):
        print(foo.x)
        k = foo.getVal()
        print(k)

a = foo()
b = bar(a)