正則表達式到 append 某些字符 position

Question

我有一個 txt 文件，如下所示：

abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ; 

我想使用正則表達式對其進行修改，因為它是一個非常長的 txt。 我想在每個 CAT(...) 之前和第一個“;”之后到 append 每行的第一個字。 應該還有第二個“;” 在附加的單詞之后和 CAT 之前。 我該怎么做？

所以我的 output 將是：

abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;

Answer 1

您可以在正則表達式模式下嘗試以下查找和替換：

Find:    ^([^(]+)(.*?;)(CAT.*)$
Replace: $1$2$1;$3

這里的想法是將每一行細分為我們需要將替換連接在一起的部分。 在這種情況下，第一個捕獲組是我們計划在第一個分號之后、 CAT之前插入的單詞。

演示

剛剛注意到您正在使用 Python。 我們能試試：

inp = """aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abadan(iof>city>thing);CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;"""
output = re.sub(r'([^(]+)(.*?;)(CAT.*?;)\s*', '\\1\\2\\1;\\3\n', inp)
print(output)

這打印：

aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);aarhus;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abadan(iof>city>thing);abadan;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;

Answer 2

在 Python 中，您可以執行以下操作：

import re

test_strings = [
    'aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;',
    'abadan(iof>city>thing);CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;',
    'abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;' 
]
# first group matches the wordthat you want to repeat, then you capture the rest
# until the ;CAT which you capture separately
regex = r'(\w+)(.*)(;CAT.*)'

new_strings = []
for test_string in test_strings:
    match = re.match(regex, test_string)
    new_string = match.group(1) + match.group(2) + ";" + match.group(1) + match.group(3)
    new_strings.append(new_string)
    print(new_string)

給你：

aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);aarhus;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abadan(iof>city>thing);abadan;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;

您的字符串存儲在new_strings列表中。

編輯：要將文件讀取為准備修改的字符串列表，只需使用with open語句並執行readlines() ：

my_file = 'my_text_file.txt'

with open(my_file, 'r') as f:
    my_file_as_list = f.readlines()

Answer 3

匹配不同的組和編織可能比正則表達式替換更快。 將不得不測試

import re

#=== DESIRED ===================================================================
# aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);aarhus;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
# abadan(iof>city>thing);abadan;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
# abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;```
#===============================================================================

data = ["abadan(iof>city>thing);CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;", 
"abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;"]

# Matching different groups, and then stiching together may be faster tna a regex replace. 
# Basedon https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3850074/regex-until-but-not-including
# (?:(?!CAT).)* - match anything until the start of the word CAT.
# I.e.
# (?:        # Match the following but do not capture it:
# (?!CAT)  # (first assert that it's not possible to match "CAT" here
#  .         # then match any character
# )*         # end of group, zero or more repetitions.
p = ''.join(["^", # Match start of string
             "(.*?(?:(?!\().)*)", # Match group one, anything up to first open paren, which will be the first word (I.e. abadan or abandon
             "(.*?(?:(?!CAT).)*)", # Group 2, match everything after group one, up to "CAT" but not including CAT
             "(.*$)" # Match the rest
             ])

for line in data:
    m = re.match(p, line)    
    newline  = m.group(1) # First word
    newline += m.group(2) # Group two
    newline += m.group(1) + ";" # First word again with semi-colon
    newline += m.group(3) # Group three

    print(newline)

OUTPUT：

abadan(iof>city>thing);abadan;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;

Answer 4

此腳本讀取輸入文件，進行替換並寫入 output 文件：

import re

infile = 'input.txt'
outfile = 'outfile.txt'
f = open(infile, 'r')
o = open(outfile, 'w')
for line in f:
    o.write(re.sub(r'((\w+).+?)(?=;CAT)', r'\1;\2', line))

---

cat outfile.txt 
aarhus(iof>city>thing,equ>arhus);aarhus;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abadan(iof>city>thing);abadan;CAT(CATN),N(NP) ;
abandon(icl>leave>do,agt>person,obj>person);abandon;CAT(CATV),AUX(AVOIR),VAL1(GN) ;