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使用接口獲取列名時如何使用表達式動態構建LINQ查詢?

[英]How to use expressions to build a LINQ query dynamically when using an interface to get the column name?

我正在使用 Entity Framework Core 來存儲和檢索一些數據。 我正在嘗試編寫一種通用方法,該方法適用於任何DbSet<T>以避免代碼重復。 此方法對集合運行 LINQ 查詢,它需要知道“鍵”列(即表的主鍵)。

為了幫助解決這個問題,我定義了一個接口,該接口返回代表鍵列的屬性名稱。 然后實體實現這個接口。 因此我有這樣的事情:

interface IEntityWithKey
{
    string KeyPropertyName { get; }
}

class FooEntity : IEntityWithKey
{
    [Key] public string FooId { get; set; }
    [NotMapped] public string KeyPropertyName => nameof(FooId);
}

class BarEntity : IEntityWithKey
{
    [Key] public string BarId { get; set; }
    [NotMapped] public string KeyPropertyName => nameof(BarId);
}

我正在嘗試編寫的方法具有以下簽名:

static List<TKey> GetMatchingKeys<TEntity, TKey>(DbSet<TEntity> dbSet, List<TKey> keysToFind)
    where TEntity : class, IEntityWithKey

基本上,給定一個包含TEntity類型實體的 DbSet 和一個TKey類型的鍵列表,該方法應該返回當前存在於數據庫中相關表中的鍵列表。

查詢如下所示:

dbSet.Where(BuildWhereExpression()).Select(BuildSelectExpression()).ToList()

BuildWhereExpression我試圖創建一個合適的Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> ,在BuildSelectExpression我試圖創建一個合適的Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> 但是,我正在努力創建 Select() 表達式,這是兩者中更容易的一個。 這是我到目前為止所擁有的:

Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> BuildSelectExpression()
{
    // for a FooEntity, would be:  x => x.FooId
    // for a BarEntity, would be:  x => x.BarId

    ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TEntity));
    MemberExpression property1 = Expression.Property(parameter, nameof(IEntityWithKey.KeyPropertyName));
    MemberExpression property2 = Expression.Property(parameter, property1.Member as PropertyInfo);
    UnaryExpression result = Expression.Convert(property2, typeof(TKey));
    return Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, TKey>>(result, parameter);
}

這會運行,並且傳遞給數據庫的查詢看起來是正確的,但我得到的只是關鍵屬性名稱的列表。 例如,這樣調用:

List<string> keys = GetMatchingKeys(context.Foos, new List<string> { "foo3", "foo2" });

它生成這個查詢,看起來不錯(注意:還沒有 Where() 實現):

SELECT "f"."FooId"
FROM "Foos" AS "f"

但是查詢只返回一個包含“FooId”的列表,而不是存儲在數據庫中的實際 ID。

我覺得我接近一個解決方案,但我只是在表達的東西上繞了一圈,以前沒有做過很多。 如果有人可以幫助使用 Select() 表達式,那將是一個開始。

這是完整的代碼:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace StackOverflow
{
    interface IEntityWithKey
    {
        string KeyPropertyName { get; }
    }

    class FooEntity : IEntityWithKey
    {
        [Key] public string FooId { get; set; }
        [NotMapped] public string KeyPropertyName => nameof(FooId);
    }

    class BarEntity : IEntityWithKey
    {
        [Key] public string BarId { get; set; }
        [NotMapped] public string KeyPropertyName => nameof(BarId);
    }

    class TestContext : DbContext
    {
        public TestContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) { }
        public DbSet<FooEntity> Foos { get; set; }
        public DbSet<BarEntity> Bars { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddDbContext<TestContext>(
            options => options.UseSqlite("Data Source=./test.db"),
                contextLifetime: ServiceLifetime.Scoped,
                optionsLifetime: ServiceLifetime.Singleton);
            services.AddLogging(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddConsole(c => c.IncludeScopes = true);
                    builder.AddFilter(DbLoggerCategory.Infrastructure.Name, LogLevel.Error);
                });
            IServiceProvider serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();

            var context = serviceProvider.GetService<TestContext>();
            context.Database.EnsureDeleted();
            context.Database.EnsureCreated();

            context.Foos.AddRange(new FooEntity { FooId = "foo1" }, new FooEntity { FooId = "foo2" });
            context.Bars.Add(new BarEntity { BarId = "bar1" });
            await context.SaveChangesAsync();

            List<string> keys = GetMatchingKeys(context.Foos, new List<string> { "foo3", "foo2" });
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", keys));

            Console.WriteLine("DONE");
            Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
        }

        static List<TKey> GetMatchingKeys<TEntity, TKey>(DbSet<TEntity> dbSet, List<TKey> keysToFind)
            where TEntity : class, IEntityWithKey
        {
            return dbSet
                //.Where(BuildWhereExpression())   // commented out because not working yet
                .Select(BuildSelectExpression()).ToList();

            Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> BuildWhereExpression()
            {
                // for a FooEntity, would be:  x => keysToFind.Contains(x.FooId)
                // for a BarEntity, would be:  x => keysToFind.Contains(x.BarId)

                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }

            Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> BuildSelectExpression()
            {
                // for a FooEntity, would be:  x => x.FooId
                // for a BarEntity, would be:  x => x.BarId

                ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TEntity));
                MemberExpression property1 = Expression.Property(parameter, nameof(IEntityWithKey.KeyPropertyName));
                MemberExpression property2 = Expression.Property(parameter, property1.Member as PropertyInfo);
                UnaryExpression result = Expression.Convert(property2, typeof(TKey));
                return Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, TKey>>(result, parameter);
            }
        }
    }
}

這使用以下 NuGet 包:

  • Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore,版本 3.0.0
  • Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite,版本 3.0.0
  • Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection,版本 3.0.0
  • Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console,版本 3.0.0

在這種情況下IEntityWithKey接口是多余的。 要從BuildSelectExpression方法訪問KeyPropertyName值,您需要有實體實例,但您只有 object Type

您可以使用反射來查找關鍵屬性名稱:

Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> BuildSelectExpression()
{
    // Find key property
    PropertyInfo keyProperty = typeof(TEntity).GetProperties()
        .Where(p => p.GetCustomAttribute<KeyAttribute>() != null)
        .Single();

    ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TEntity));
    MemberExpression result = Expression.Property(parameter, keyProperty);
    // UnaryExpression result = Expression.Convert(property1, typeof(TKey)); this is also redundant
    return Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, TKey>>(result, parameter);
}

這是我為通用方法最終得到的代碼:

static List<TKey> GetMatchingKeys<TEntity, TKey>(DbSet<TEntity> dbSet, List<TKey> keysToFind)
    where TEntity : class, IEntityWithKey
{
    PropertyInfo keyProperty = typeof(TEntity).GetProperties().Single(x => x.GetCustomAttribute<KeyAttribute>() != null);
    return dbSet.Where(BuildWhereExpression()).Select(BuildSelectExpression()).ToList();

    Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> BuildWhereExpression()
    {
        ParameterExpression entity = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TEntity));
        MethodInfo containsMethod = typeof(List<TKey>).GetMethod("Contains");
        ConstantExpression keys = Expression.Constant(keysToFind);
        MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(entity, keyProperty);
        MethodCallExpression body = Expression.Call(keys, containsMethod, property);
        return Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, bool>>(body, entity);
    }

    Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> BuildSelectExpression()
    {
        ParameterExpression entity = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TEntity));
        MemberExpression body = Expression.Property(entity, keyProperty);
        return Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, TKey>>(body, entity);
    }
}

最終不需要接口,因為代碼可以利用 EF Core 對[Key]屬性的使用。

感謝@Krzysztof 為我指明了正確的方向。

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