通過 smtp 通過 sendmail 發送電子郵件時面臨連接重置和超時錯誤。 如何解決這個問題？

Question

我在配置 sendmail 以通過 smtp 發送電子郵件時遇到問題。 我的目標是能夠使用 smtp 從 php 應用程序發送郵件。 我必須將一些舊的遺留 php 應用程序遷移到新服務器，這些應用程序使用標准的“mail()”php 函數，我無法修改代碼，所以我不能只使用“phpMailer”或“pear”之類的東西郵件包”代替。

我遵循了本指南（威尼斯答案） sendmail：如何在 ubuntu 上配置 sendmail？ ，並看了許多其他人說同樣的話......

我已經安裝並配置了 sendmail，它可以很好地發送本地郵件（如果我向 root@localhost 發送電子郵件，我會正確接收它）但不能發送“正常”電子郵件..每次我發送電子郵件時我在 mail.log 文件中有這些錯誤：

Nov 26 15:38:17 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22434]: xAQFcH3g022434: from=<Mattia@compute-prod-main-2-vm.europe-west1-b.c.fine-command-242712.in>, size=418, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201911261538.xAQFcHXA022433@compute-prod-main-2-vm.europe-west1-b.c.fine-command-242712.in>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Nov 26 15:38:17 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22433]: xAQFcHXA022433: to=mattiabonzi@libero.it, ctladdr=Mattia (1002/1005), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30105, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (xAQFcH3g022434 Message accepted for delivery)
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22444]: xAQFcXYx022444: from=Mattia, size=80, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201911261538.xAQFcXYx022444@compute-prod-main-2-vm.europe-west1-b.c.fine-command-242712.in>, relay=root@localhost
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22445]: xAQFcXOb022445: from=<Mattia@compute-prod-main-2-vm.europe-west1-b.c.fine-command-242712.in>, size=469, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201911261538.xAQFcXYx022444@compute-prod-main-2-vm.europe-west1-b.c.fine-command-242712.in>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22444]: xAQFcXYx022444: to=mattiabonzi@openworks.it, ctladdr=Mattia (1002/1005), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30080, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (xAQFcXOb022445 Message accepted for delivery)
Nov 26 15:38:37 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21588]: xAQFXbC8021586: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:38:37 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21588]: xAQFXbC8021586: to=<mattiabonzi@libero.it>, delay=00:05:00, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:41:00 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21743]: xAQFa0cV021741: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:41:00 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21743]: xAQFa0cV021741: to=<mattiabonzi@libero.it>, delay=00:05:00, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:42:02 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21765]: xAQFb1PN021763: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:42:02 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21765]: xAQFb1PN021763: to=<mattiabonzi@libero.it>, delay=00:05:01, xdelay=00:05:01, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFNe4X021461: to=<mattiabonzi@libero.it>, delay=00:19:26, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=210466, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFH7gj020614: to=<mattiabonzi@libero.it>, delay=00:25:59, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=300466, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFBfZq020461: to=<mattiabonzi@openworks.it>, delay=00:31:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=300469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkePb016232: to=<mattiabonzi@openworks.it>, delay=00:56:26, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkfdA016262: to=<mattiabonzi@openworks.it>, delay=00:56:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkgiG016272: to=<mattiabonzi@openworks.it>, delay=00:56:24, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkfEJ016252: to=<mattiabonzi@openworks.it>, delay=00:56:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro

這是我最初添加到 sendmail.mc 文件的內容

define(`SMART_HOST',`authsmtp.securemail.pro')dnl
define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
FEATURE(`authinfo',`hash /etc/mail/auth/client-info')dnl

我進行了一些研究並了解到問題可能出在 sendmail 用於 smtp 連接的端口上。 我試圖通過 telnet 我的 isp 並且我只能在端口 465 上與它聯系，但是我找不到更改 sendmail 正在使用的端口的方法。

我試圖添加這些行，但沒有運氣：

define(`ESMTP_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 465')dnl
define(`RELAY_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 465')dnl

我還注意到，我安裝並正確配置了 sendmal 的另一台服務器正在使用郵件程序esmtp ，此安裝使用esmtp relay ，這正常嗎？

我在做什么錯？ 提前謝謝你，希望我已經列出了所有相關的細節。

Answer 1

首先查找更多信息。 使用 SMTP 會話跟蹤在詳細模式下強制重試傳遞。
它在大多數情況下提供了有用的提示（根據我的經驗，遠遠高於 50%）。

要以 root 身份推送具有隊列 ID xAQEkfEJ016252電子郵件，請執行以下命令：

sendmail -v -qIxAQEkfEJ016252