實現 trait 或取消引用 trait 的類型的通用類型

Question

我正在尋找一種創建特征對象集合的方法。 但是，我想接受實現給定特征的對象，或者包裝和取消引用特征的對象。

trait TheTrait {
   // fn foo() -> ();
}

// "Direct" implementation
struct Implements {}
impl TheTrait for Implements {}

// "Proxy" implementation
struct DerefsTo {
    implements: Implements,
}
impl std::ops::Deref for DerefsTo {
    type Target = dyn TheTrait;
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        return &self.implements;
    }
}

fn main() -> () {
    let x1: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(Implements {}); // This is fine
    let x2: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(DerefsTo {implements: Implements {}}); // Trait TheTrait not implemented
    let x3: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(x1); // Trait TheTrait not implemented

    // Put x1, x2, x3 to collection, call foo
}

有什么辦法可以做到這一點，可能不需要觸及Implements類型？ 是否有任何通用方法通過公開實現它的字段來實現特性，例如“包裝器”類型？

Answer 1

你可能想要

impl<T: std::ops::Deref<Target = dyn TheTrait>> TheTrait for T

這允許您編寫：

trait TheTrait {
    fn foo(&self) -> ();
}

// "Direct" implementation
struct Implements {}
impl TheTrait for Implements {
    fn foo(&self) {
        println!("Implements::foo")
    }
}

// "Proxy" implementation
struct DerefsTo {
    implements: Implements,
}
impl std::ops::Deref for DerefsTo {
    type Target = dyn TheTrait;
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        return &self.implements;
    }
}

impl<T: std::ops::Deref<Target = dyn TheTrait>> TheTrait for T {
    fn foo(&self) {
        self.deref().foo() // forward call
    }
}

fn main() -> () {
    let x1: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(Implements {});
    let x1_2: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(Implements {});
    let x2: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(DerefsTo {
        implements: Implements {},
    });
    let x3: Box<dyn TheTrait> = Box::new(x1_2);
    let vec = vec![x1, x2, x3];
    for x in vec {
        x.foo();
    }
}