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將 Entity Framework Core 3.1 與 ServiceProvider 中的 UseInMemoryDatabase 選項一起使用(范圍生命周期)

[英]Using Entity Framework Core 3.1 with UseInMemoryDatabase option in ServiceProvider ( Scoped lifetime )

我已將 Web 應用程序項目從 .NET Core 2.1 遷移到 3.1(也將 EF Core 從 2.1.1 遷移到 3.1.0)。

遷移后,一些單元測試不再工作,拋出重復鍵數據庫異常。

我模擬了這個問題,並意識到帶有UseInMemoryDatabase選項的 EF 核心在 3.1 中的行為有所不同,它不會清理舊數據。

在第二種測試方法中, People表已經包含從第一個測試添加的數據,這在 2.1 中沒有發生

有誰知道如何使內存數據庫適用於每個單元測試?

這是我的測試代碼:

AppDbContext.cs

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Text;

namespace MyConsoleApp.Database
{
    public class AppDbContext: DbContext
    {
        protected AppDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) { }

        public AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options) : this((DbContextOptions)options)
        {
        }

        public virtual DbSet<Person> Person { get; set; }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
}

AppUnitTest.cs

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using MyConsoleApp.Database;
using System.Linq;

namespace MyConsoleAppTest
{
    [TestClass]
    public class AppUnitTest
    {
        public ServiceCollection Services { get; private set; }
        public ServiceProvider ServiceProvider { get; protected set; }

        [TestInitialize]
        public void Initialize()
        {
           Services = new ServiceCollection();

           Services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(opt => opt.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: "InMemoryDb"), 
               ServiceLifetime.Scoped, 
               ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

            ServiceProvider = Services.BuildServiceProvider();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestMethod1()
        {
            using (var dbContext = ServiceProvider.GetService<AppDbContext>())
            {
                dbContext.Person.Add(new Person { Id = 0, Name = "test1" });
                dbContext.SaveChanges();
                Assert.IsTrue(dbContext.Person.Count() == 1);
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestMethod2()
        {
            using (var dbContext = ServiceProvider.GetService<AppDbContext>())
            {
                dbContext.Person.Add(new Person { Id = 0, Name = "test2" });
                dbContext.SaveChanges();
                Assert.IsTrue(dbContext.Person.Count() == 1);
            }
        }

        [TestCleanup]
        public virtual void Cleanup()
        {
            ServiceProvider.Dispose();
            ServiceProvider = null;
        }
    }
}

MyConsoleAppTest.csproj

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework>
    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.2.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.collector" Version="1.0.1" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\MyConsoleApp\MyConsoleApp.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

您可以通過軟件包控制台安裝軟件包

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory -Version 3.1.5

https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory

我的解決方案是使用唯一名稱更改數據庫名稱。

Services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(opt => opt.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: Guid.NewGuid().ToString()), ServiceLifetime.Scoped, ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

通過這種方式,每個測試方法都有一個新的數據庫。

見github問題: https : //github.com/dotnet/efcore/issues/19541

我為我的UnitTest制作了以下Extension方法:

public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddInMemoryDbContext<TDbContext>(this IServiceCollection services) where TDbContext: DbContext
        => services.AddDbContext<TDbContext>(builder
            => builder.UseInMemoryDatabase(Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
                .ConfigureWarnings(w =>
                    {
                        w.Ignore(InMemoryEventId.TransactionIgnoredWarning);
                        w.Throw(RelationalEventId.QueryClientEvaluationWarning);
                    }
                ), ServiceLifetime.Transient);
}

用法非常簡單。 只需在UnitTest設置中將所有DbContext添加到IServiceCollection

...

services
    .AddInMemoryDbContext<AppDbContext>()
    .AddInMemoryDbContext<FooDbContext>()
    .AddInMemoryDbContext<AnotherDbContext>();

...

您還需要安裝Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory ( https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory )

我會親自為每個測試構建一個服務提供程序,以便您確保同時執行的測試之間沒有共享狀態。 像這樣的東西:

private IServiceProvider BuildServiceProvider()
{
    var services = new ServiceCollection();

    services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(opt => opt.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: "InMemoryDb"), 
        ServiceLifetime.Scoped, 
        ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

    return services.BuildServiceProvider();
}

然后使用此函數在每個測試中構建提供程序

[TestMethod]
public void TestMethod1()
{
    using (var serviceProvider = BuildServiceProvider()) 
    {
        using (var dbContext = serviceProvider.GetService<AppDbContext>())
        {
            dbContext.Person.Add(new Person { Id = 0, Name = "test1" });
            dbContext.SaveChanges();
            Assert.IsTrue(dbContext.Person.Count() == 1);
        }
    }
}

這可能會導致執行時間比以前長一點,但絕對可以防止您當前的問題再次發生。

提示:

由於您在netcoreapp3.1上運行,您現在還可以使用 c# 8 語法 using 語句

[TestMethod]
public void TestMethod1()
{
    using var serviceProvider = BuildServiceProvider();

    using var dbContext = ServiceProvider.GetService<AppDbContext>();

    dbContext.Person.Add(new Person { Id = 0, Name = "test1" });

    dbContext.SaveChanges();

    Assert.IsTrue(dbContext.Person.Count() == 1);
}

如果你想做內存數據庫用於單元測試,你可以使用微軟為它提供的nuget包:

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory -Version 3.1.5

並且還要配置您可以偽造 DbContext 和存儲庫,例如:

namespace YourProject.Tests.UnitTests
{
    public class FakeDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Entity> Entities { get; set; }    

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: "FakePersonalSiteDbContext");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
            AddMappingOverrides(modelBuilder);
        }

        private void AddMappingOverrides(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(new SomeEntityMappingOverride());
        }
    }
}

然后你可以使用這個 FakeDbContext 注入到單元測試項目中的 FakeRepository:

namespace YourProject.Tests.UnitTests
{
    public class FakePersonalSiteRepository : IYourRepository
    {
        private FakeDbContext dbContext;

        public FakeRepository(FakeDbContext dbContext)
        {
            this.dbContext = dbContext;
        }

        // Your repository methods (Add, Delete, Get, ...)
    }
}

這樣,您現在可以使用內存數據庫進行單元測試。 例如:

namespace YourProject.Tests.UnitTests
{
    public class UnitTestBase
    {
        protected IYourRepositoryRepository Repository { get; set; }
        protected FakeDbContext FakeDbContext { get; set; }

        [SetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            FakeDbContext = new FakeDbContext();
            FakeDbContext.Database.EnsureDeleted();
            Repository = new FakeRepository(FakeDbContext);
        }
    }
}

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