在 matplotlib 中旋轉第二個 y 軸刻度標簽

Question

我需要旋轉第二個 y 軸刻度標簽並在下圖中為此軸添加標簽

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)
x = [61,62,62,59,62,59,62,63,61,60,103,104,109,105,109,105,109,111,110,107]
y = [62,62,62,62,60,60,62,62,62,63,106,107,106,106,105,105,105,106,107,108]
ax1.plot(x,y,'b.')
x2 = [2.2,3.4,4.3,5.1,5.5,5.7]
y2 = [2.3,2.8,3.2,3.9,4.5,5.9]
ax2 = ax1.twinx().twiny()
ax2.tick_params(axis="y",labelrotation=90,direction='out',length=6, width=2, colors='r',grid_color='r', grid_alpha=0.5) #called tick_params before the plot and didn't work
ax2.plot(x2,y2,'r.')
ax2.set_xlim(0,10)
ax2.set_ylim(0,10)
ax2.set_yticklabels(['Label1', 'Label2', 'Label3'], rotation=90) #y ticklabels is not rotating
ax2.set_xlabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)
ax2.set_ylabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)   #y label is not wroking

plt.yticks(rotation=90)

line = mlines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], color='red')
transform = ax2.transAxes
line.set_transform(transform)
ax2.add_line(line)
plt.show()

這段代碼產生了下圖

問題是 ax2.set_yticklabels 和 ax2.set_ylabel 不起作用。

我想在第二個 y 軸上添加一個標簽並旋轉該軸的刻度標簽。 另外，如何控制刻度線在這些軸上的位置，我希望它與第 1 個 y 軸和第 1 個 x 軸的刻度線位置相同。 所以 Label1 會上移而 0 會右移

謝謝

Answer 1

當您實例化ax2 = ax1.twinx().twiny() ，您不能再修改 y 軸。 相反，創建兩個軸並進行相應修改。 修改代碼，結果如下。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)
x = [61,62,62,59,62,59,62,63,61,60,103,104,109,105,109,105,109,111,110,107]
y = [62,62,62,62,60,60,62,62,62,63,106,107,106,106,105,105,105,106,107,108]
ax1.plot(x,y,'b.')
x2 = [2.2,3.4,4.3,5.1,5.5,5.7]
y2 = [2.3,2.8,3.2,3.9,4.5,5.9]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()  # ax2 handles y
ax3 = ax2.twiny()  # ax3 handles x
ax3.plot(x2,y2,'r.')
ax3.set_xlim(0,10)
ax2.set_ylim(0,10)
ax3.set_xlabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)
ax2.set_ylabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)   
ax2.tick_params(axis="y",labelrotation=90,direction='out',length=6, width=2, colors='r',grid_color='r', grid_alpha=0.5)
ax2.set_yticklabels(['Label1', 'Label2', 'Label3'], rotation=-90)     
plt.yticks(rotation=90)
line = mlines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], color='red')
transform = ax2.transAxes
line.set_transform(transform)
ax2.add_line(line)
plt.show()

結果圖具有所有 y 標簽/刻度修改。