通過 DirectX12 工具包繪制球體

Question

嘗試繪制球體時遇到三個問題：

1. 球體在某些角度出現故障：
2. 不知道如何將顏色應用於球體
3. 無法同時繪制兩個球體 - 僅顯示一個。

代碼。 使成為：

void Game::Render()
{
if (m_timer.GetFrameCount() == 0)
{
return;
}

m_deviceResources->Prepare();
Clear();

auto commandList = m_deviceResources->GetCommandList();
PIXBeginEvent(commandList, PIX_COLOR_DEFAULT, L"Render");

auto commandList2 = m_deviceResources->GetCommandList();
PIXBeginEvent(commandList2, PIX_COLOR_DEFAULT, L"Draw Sphere");

m_shapeEffect->Apply(m_deviceResources->GetCommandList());

for (int i(0); i < vsphere; i++)
{
m_shapeEffect->SetWorld(d3dsphere[i]->world);
d3dsphere[i]->Draw(commandList2);
}

PIXEndEvent(commandList2);
PIXEndEvent(commandList);
PIXBeginEvent(m_deviceResources->GetCommandQueue(), PIX_COLOR_DEFAULT, L"Present");
m_deviceResources->Present();
m_graphicsMemory->Commit(m_deviceResources->GetCommandQueue());
PIXEndEvent(m_deviceResources->GetCommandQueue());
}

我如何創建形狀效果

EffectPipelineStateDescription pd(
&VertexPositionColor::InputLayout,
CommonStates::Opaque,
CommonStates::DepthNone,
CommonStates::CullNone,
rtState,
D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE);
m_shapeEffect = std::make_unique<BasicEffect>(device, EffectFlags::VertexColor, pd);

d3dsphere是一個D3DSphere class object； 構造函數和Draw方法

D3DSphere(float x, float y, float z, float radius, float r, float g, float b, float a)  
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->z = z;

this->radius = radius;

this->shape = GeometricPrimitive::CreateSphere(radius*2.0f);

this->world = Matrix::Identity;
this->world = XMMatrixMultiply(this->world, Matrix::CreateTranslation(x, y, z));
this->index = vsphere;

d3dsphere[vsphere] = this;
vsphere++;
}

void D3DSphere::Draw(ID3d12GraphicsCommandList* commandList)
{
   this->shape->Draw(commandList);
}

如果我認為球體半徑（以及我場景中的所有內容）非常小（~10^-6），也許會很有用

由於我不知道的原因， Microsoft DirectX12 Tool Kit wiki 頁面中的示例代碼與我通過 NuGet 包安裝的頭文件不兼容 - 我有不同的構造函數，不同的 arguments 方法。 我認為問題在於我使用的是 Visual Studio 15，但微軟建議至少使用 17（有兩種不同的 DirectX12TK NuGet 包 - 一種用於 VS15，一種用於 VS17 及更高版本）。 真奇怪。

---

我通過更改渲染代碼解決了第三個問題：

for(int i(0);i<vsphere;i++)
{
m_shapeEffect->SetMatrices(d3dsphere->world, m_view, m_projection);
m_shapeEffect->Apply(m_deviceResources->GetCommandList());
d3dsphere[i]->Draw();
}

我使用的DirectX12TK NuGet package版本是2019.12.17.1

Answer 1

在這里，您告訴 Pipeline State Object 您正在使用VertexPositionColor並希望每個頂點顏色：

EffectPipelineStateDescription pd(
&VertexPositionColor::InputLayout,
CommonStates::Opaque,
CommonStates::DepthNone,
CommonStates::CullNone,
rtState,
D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE);
m_shapeEffect = std::make_unique<BasicEffect>(device, EffectFlags::VertexColor, pd);

GeometricPrimitive 的工廠方法創建的實際頂點類型是VertexPositionNormalTexture （ VertexType類型別名是為了讓它更容易一些）。

因此，頂點數據包含

struct VertexPositionNormalTexture
{
    XMFLOAT3 position;
    XMFLOAT3 normal;
    XMFLOAT2 textureCoordinate;
}

但是你告訴頂點着色器它是：

const D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC VertexPositionColor::InputElements[] =
{
    { "SV_Position", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,    0, D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
    { "COLOR",       0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};

將您的 BasicEffect 更改為：

EffectPipelineStateDescription pd(
&GeometricPrimitive::VertexType::InputLayout,
CommonStates::Opaque,
CommonStates::DepthNone,
CommonStates::CullNone,
rtState,
D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE);
m_shapeEffect = std::make_unique<BasicEffect>(device, EffectFlags::None, pd);

沒有EffectFlags::Lighting和m_shapeEffect->EnableDefaultLighting();看起來會很無聊 ，但應該渲染。

如果要創建VertexPositionNormalTexture以外的頂點格式，可以使用GeometricPrimitive自定義幾何方法來生成形狀數據，但您需要在自己的代碼中實現 VB/IB 的創建和渲染（即GeometricPrimitive::CreateCustom方法僅支持VertexPositionNormalTexture ）。

D3D12_VERTEX_BUFFER_VIEW m_vertexBufferView;
D3D12_INDEX_BUFFER_VIEW m_indexBufferView;

UINT m_indexCount;

Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> m_vertexBuffer;
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> m_indexBuffer;

// Create shape data
std::vector<VertexPositionNormalTexture> vertices;
std::vector<uint16_t> indices;
GeometricPrimitive::CreateSphere(vertices, indices);

std::vector<VertexPositionColor> newVerts;
newVerts.reserve(vertices.size());
for (auto it : vertices)
{
    VertexPositionColor v;
    v.position = it.position;
    v.color = XMFLOAT4(it.normal.x, it.normal.y, it.normal.z, 1.f);
    newVerts.emplace_back(v);
}

// Place data on upload heap
size_t vsize = newVerts.size() * sizeof(VertexPositionColor);
SharedGraphicsResource vb = GraphicsMemory::Get().Allocate(vsize);
memcpy(vb.Memory(), newVerts.data(), vsize);

size_t isize = indices.size() * sizeof(uint16_t);
SharedGraphicsResource ib = GraphicsMemory::Get().Allocate(isize);
memcpy(ib.Memory(), indices.data(), isize);

// You can render directly from the 'upload' heap or as shown here create static IB/VB resources
ResourceUploadBatch resourceUpload(device);
resourceUpload.Begin();

CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES heapProperties(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT);

auto vdesc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(vsize);
auto idesc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(isize);

DX::ThrowIfFailed(device->CreateCommittedResource(
    &heapProperties, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE, &vdesc, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
    nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(m_vertexBuffer.GetAddressOf())));

DX::ThrowIfFailed(device->CreateCommittedResource(
    &heapProperties, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE, &idesc, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
    nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(m_indexBuffer.GetAddressOf())));

resourceUpload.Upload(m_vertexBuffer.Get(), vb);
resourceUpload.Upload(m_indexBuffer.Get(), ib);

resourceUpload.Transition(m_vertexBuffer.Get(),
    D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VERTEX_AND_CONSTANT_BUFFER);
resourceUpload.Transition(m_indexBuffer.Get(),
    D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_INDEX_BUFFER);

auto uploadResourcesFinished = resourceUpload.End(m_deviceResources->GetCommandQueue());
uploadResourcesFinished.wait();

// Create matching effect for new vertex layout
EffectPipelineStateDescription psd(
    &VertexPositionColor::InputLayout,
    CommonStates::Opaque,
    CommonStates::DepthDefault,
    CommonStates::CullNone,
   rtState);

m_shapeEffect = std::make_unique<BasicEffect>(device, EffectFlags::VertexColor, psd);

// Set up buffer views
m_vertexBufferView = { m_vertexBuffer->GetGPUVirtualAddress(), UINT(vsize), sizeof(VertexPositionColor) };
m_indexBufferView = { m_indexBuffer->GetGPUVirtualAddress(), UINT(isize), DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT };

m_indexCount = UINT(indices.size());

m_shapeEffect->Apply(commandList);

commandList->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_vertexBufferView);
commandList->IASetIndexBuffer(&m_indexBufferView);
commandList->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);

commandList->DrawIndexedInstanced(m_indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);

支持 Visual Studio 2015 的DirectX Tool Kit for DX12的最新版本是2019 年 12 月，即directxtk12_desktop_2015 。 2019 年 12 月和 2020 年 4 月之間幾乎沒有功能或 API 差異，所以我不確定您為什么認為 wiki 已過時。 您使用的是什么 NuGet package 和版本？