如何優化這個 Powershell 腳本，將 JSON 轉換為 CSV？

Question

我有一個非常大的 JSON 行文件，有 4.000.000 行，我需要從每一行轉換幾個事件。 結果 CSV 文件包含 15.000.000 行。 我該如何優化這個腳本？

我使用的是 Powershell core 7，完成轉換大約需要 50 個小時。

我的 Powershell 腳本：

$stopwatch =  [system.diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
$totalrows = 4000000

$encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8    
$i = 0
$ig = 0
$output = @()

$Importfile = "C:\file.jsonl"
$Exportfile = "C:\file.csv"

if (test-path $Exportfile) {
    Remove-Item -path $Exportfile
}

foreach ($line in [System.IO.File]::ReadLines($Importfile, $encoding)) {
    $json = $line | ConvertFrom-Json

    foreach ($item in $json.events.items) {
    $CSVLine = [pscustomobject]@{
    Key = $json.Register.Key
    CompanyID = $json.id
    Eventtype = $item.type
    Eventdate = $item.date
    Eventdescription = $item.description
    }
    $output += $CSVLine
    }

    $i++
    $ig++
    if ($i -ge 30000) {
        $output | Export-Csv -Path $Exportfile -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";" -Encoding UTF8 -Append
        $i = 0
        $output = @()

        $minutes = $stopwatch.elapsed.TotalMinutes
        $percentage = $ig / $totalrows * 100
        $totalestimatedtime = $minutes * (100/$percentage)
        $timeremaining = $totalestimatedtime - $minutes

        Write-Host "Events: Total minutes passed: $minutes. Total minutes remaining: $timeremaining. Percentage: $percentage"
    }
}

$output | Export-Csv -Path $Exportfile -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";" -Encoding UTF8 -Append
Write-Output $ig

$stopwatch.Stop()

這是 JSON 的結構。

{
    "id": "111111111",
    "name": {
        "name": "Test Company GmbH",
        "legalForm": "GmbH"
    },
    "address": {
        "street": "Berlinstr.",
        "postalCode": "11111",
        "city": "Berlin"
    },
    "status": "liquidation",
    "events": {
        "items": [{
            "type": "Liquidation",
            "date": "2001-01-01",
            "description": "Liquidation"
        }, {
            "type": "NewCompany",
            "date": "2000-01-01",
            "description": "Neueintragung"
        }, {
            "type": "ControlChange",
            "date": "2002-01-01",
            "description": "Tested Company GmbH"
        }]
    },
    "relatedCompanies": {
        "items": [{
            "company": {
                "id": "2222222",
                "name": {
                    "name": "Test GmbH",
                    "legalForm": "GmbH"
                },
                "address": {
                    "city": "Berlin",
                    "country": "DE",
                    "formattedValue": "Berlin, Deutschland"
                },
                "status": "active"
            },
            "roles": [{
                "date": "2002-01-01",
                "name": "Komplementär",
                "type": "Komplementaer",
                "demotion": true,
                "group": "Control",
                "dir": "Source"
            }, {
                "date": "2001-01-01",
                "name": "Komplementär",
                "type": "Komplementaer",
                "group": "Control",
                "dir": "Source"
            }]
        }, {
            "company": {
                "id": "33333",
                "name": {
                    "name": "Test2 GmbH",
                    "legalForm": "GmbH"
                },
                "address": {
                    "city": "Berlin",
                    "country": "DE",
                    "formattedValue": "Berlin, Deutschland"
                },
                "status": "active"
            },
            "roles": [{
                "date": "2002-01-01",
                "name": "Komplementär",
                "type": "Komplementaer",
                "demotion": true,
                "group": "Control",
                "dir": "Source"
            }, {
                "date": "2001-01-01",
                "name": "Komplementär",
                "type": "Komplementaer",
                "group": "Control",
                "dir": "Source"
            }]
        }]
    }
}

Answer 1

根據評論：盡量避免使用增加賦值運算符（ += ）來創建集合。
請改用 PowerShell 管道，例如：

$stopwatch =  [system.diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
$totalrows = 4000000

$encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8    
$i = 0
$ig = 0

$Importfile = "C:\file.jsonl"
$Exportfile = "C:\file.csv"

if (test-path $Exportfile) {
    Remove-Item -path $Exportfile
}

Get-Content $Importfile -Encoding $encoding | Foreach-Object {
    $json = $_ | ConvertFrom-Json
    $json | ConvertFrom-Json | Foreach-Object {
        [pscustomobject]@{
            Key = $json.Register.Key
            CompanyID = $json.id
            Eventtype = $_.type
            Eventdate = $_.date
            Eventdescription = $_.description
        }
    }

    $i++
    $ig++
    if ($i -ge 30000) {
        $i = 0
        $minutes = $stopwatch.elapsed.TotalMinutes
        $percentage = $ig / $totalrows * 100
        $totalestimatedtime = $minutes * (100/$percentage)
        $timeremaining = $totalestimatedtime - $minutes

        Write-Host "Events: Total minutes passed: $minutes. Total minutes remaining: $timeremaining. Percentage: $percentage"
    }
} | Export-Csv -Path $Exportfile -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";" -Encoding UTF8 -Append
Write-Output $ig

$stopwatch.Stop()

---

2020-05-07 更新
根據問題的評論和額外信息，我編寫了一個小的可重用 cmdlet，它使用 PowerShell 管道來讀取.jsonl (Json Lines)文件。 它收集每一行，直到找到一個結束的'}'字符，然后它檢查一個有效的 json 字符串（使用Test-Json ，因為可能有嵌入的對象。如果它是有效的，它會在中間釋放管道中的提取 object 並再次開始收集行：

Function ConvertFrom-JsonLines {
    [CmdletBinding()][OutputType([Object[]])]Param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeLine = $True, Mandatory = $True)][String]$Line
    )
    Begin { $JsonLines = [System.Collections.Generic.List[String]]@() }
    Process {
        $JsonLines.Add($Line)
        If ( $Line.Trim().EndsWith('}') ) {
            $Json = $JsonLines -Join [Environment]::NewLine
            If ( Test-Json $Json -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue ) {
                $Json | ConvertFrom-Json
                $JsonLines.Clear()
            }
        }
    }
}

你可以像這樣使用它：

Get-Content .\file.jsonl | ConvertFrom-JsonLines | ForEach-Object { $_.events.items } |
Export-Csv -Path $Exportfile -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8

Answer 2

通過進行兩個小更改，我能夠使它快 40%：1. 使用Get-Content -ReadCount並解壓縮緩沖行和 2. 通過避免 $json=+foreach 部分將管道更改為更多“流”。

$stopwatch = [system.diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
$totalrows = 4000000

$encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$i = 0
$ig = 0

$Importfile = "$psscriptroot\input2.jsonl"
$Exportfile = "$psscriptroot\output.csv"

if (Test-Path $Exportfile) {
  Remove-Item -Path $Exportfile
}
# Changed the next few lines
Get-Content $Importfile -Encoding $encoding -ReadCount 10000 |
  ForEach-Object {
    $_
  } | ConvertFrom-Json | ForEach-Object {
    $json = $_
    $json.events.items | ForEach-Object {
      [pscustomobject]@{
        Key              = $json.Register.Key
        CompanyID        = $json.id
        Eventtype        = $_.type
        Eventdate        = $_.date
        Eventdescription = $_.description
      }
    }

    $i++
    $ig++
    if ($i -ge 10000) {
      $i = 0
      $minutes = $stopwatch.elapsed.TotalMinutes
      $percentage = $ig / $totalrows * 100
      $totalestimatedtime = $minutes * (100 / $percentage)
      $timeremaining = $totalestimatedtime - $minutes

      Write-Host "Events: Total minutes passed: $minutes. Total minutes remaining: $timeremaining. Percentage: $percentage"
    }
  } | Export-Csv -Path $Exportfile -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ';' -Encoding UTF8 -Append
Write-Output $ig

$stopwatch.Stop()