如何僅將 SelectionChanged 事件綁定到 XAML 中其他元素的可見性屬性

Question

給定的是一個 ComboBox 在 SelectionChanged 應該成為可見的 TextBlock 之后。 我使用 ViemModel 構建此功能。

看法：

<ComboBox SelectionChanged="{mvvmHelper:EventBinding OnSelectionChanged}" />
<TextBlock Visibility="{Binding LanguageChanged, Converter={StaticResource BooleanVisibilityConverter}}"/>

視圖模型：

bool LanguageChanged = false;

void OnSelectionChanged() => LanguageChanged = true;

我正在尋找僅在 XAML 中完成的優雅解決方案

到目前為止我嘗試了什么：

<Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
    <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" />
    <Style.Triggers>
        <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, ElementName=Box, Mode=OneWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" Value="True">
            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible" />
        </DataTrigger>
    </Style.Triggers>
</Style>

我想我必須使用 Storyboard

<ComboBox.Style>
    <Style TargetType="{x:Type ComboBox}">
        <Style.Triggers>
            <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="SelectionChanged">
                <BeginStoryboard>
                    <Storyboard>
                        ???
                    </Storyboard>
                </BeginStoryboard>
            </EventTrigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
</ComboBox.Style>

另一個選項是 System.Windows.Interactivity 但這在 WpfCore 3.1 中不可用

Answer 1

你有幾個不錯的選擇。
由於使用DataTrigger的最后一個解決方案是最靈活的，因為它允許觸發ComboBox.SelectedItem的某些狀態，我建議實施它來解決您的問題。 它也是 XAML 唯一的解決方案，不需要像LanguageChanged這樣的額外屬性。

為觸發器屬性設置動畫

為了動畫像LanguageChanged這樣的屬性，該屬性必須是DependencyProperty 。 因此，第一個示例將LanguageChanged實現為MainWindow的DependencyProperty ：

主窗口.xaml.cs

partial class MainWindow : Window
{
  public static readonly DependencyProperty LanguageChangedProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
    "LanguageChanged",
    typeof(bool),
    typeof(MainWindow),
    new PropertyMetadata(default(bool)));

  public bool LanguageChanged
  {
    get => (bool) GetValue(MainWindow.LanguageChangedProperty);
    set => SetValue(MainWindow.LanguageChangedProperty, value);
  }
}

主窗口.xaml

<Window x:Name="Window">
  <StackPanel>

    <TextBlock Text="Invisible"
               Visibility="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=MainWindow}, Path=LanguageChanged, Converter={StaticResource BooleanToVisibilityConverter}}" />

    <ComboBox>
      <ComboBox.Triggers>
        <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="ComboBox.SelectionChanged">
          <BeginStoryboard>
            <Storyboard>
              <BooleanAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Window"
                                              Storyboard.TargetProperty="LanguageChanged">
                <DiscreteBooleanKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="True" />
              </BooleanAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
            </Storyboard>
          </BeginStoryboard>
        </EventTrigger>
      </ComboBox.Triggers>
    </ComboBox>
  </StackPanel>
</Window>

---

直接為目標控件設置動畫

如果您希望切換其可見性的控件與觸發控件位於同一 scope 中，則可以直接為Visibility設置動畫：

主窗口.xaml

<Window x:Name="Window">
  <StackPanel>

    <TextBlock x:Name="InvisibleTextBlock"
               Text="Invisible"
               Visibility="Hidden" />

    <ComboBox>
      <ComboBox.Triggers>
        <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="ComboBox.SelectionChanged">
          <BeginStoryboard>
            <Storyboard>
              <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="InvisibleTextBlock"
                                             Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility">
                <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{x:Static Visibility.Visible}" />
              </BooleanAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
            </Storyboard>
          </BeginStoryboard>
        </EventTrigger>
      </ComboBox.Triggers>
    </ComboBox>
  </StackPanel>
</Window>

---

實現 IValueConverter

如果您希望向觸發器添加更多條件，例如選擇了哪個值，您應該將TextBlock.Visibility綁定到ComboBox.SelectedItem並使用IValueConverter來決定是根據當前選定的項目返回Visibility.Visible還是Visibilty.Hidden ：

主窗口.xaml

<Window x:Name="Window">
  <Window.Resources>

    <!-- TODO::Implement IValueConverter -->
    <SelectedItemToVisibilityConverter x:Key="SelectedItemToVisibilityConverter" />
  </Window.Resources>

  <StackPanel>

    <TextBlock Text="Invisible"
               Visibility="{Binding ElementName=LanguageSelector, Path=SelectedItem, Converter={StaticResource SelectedItemToVisibilityConverter}}" />

    <ComboBox x:Name="LanguageSelector" />
  </StackPanel>
</Window>

在 TextBlock 上實現 DataTrigger

如果您希望向觸發器添加更多條件，例如選擇了哪個值，您還可以將DataTrigger添加到TetxtBlock ，它會觸發ComboBox.SelectedItem的一個或多個屬性。 然后，您必須將SelectedItem強制轉換為底層ComboBox項目的實際類型，以便在綁定路徑中引用項目的屬性。
以下示例將SelectedItem轉換為虛構類型LanguageItem以訪問LanguageItem.LanguageName屬性，以觸發特定的選定語言：

主窗口.xaml

<Window x:Name="Window">
  <StackPanel>

    <TextBlock x:Name="InvisibleTextBlock" Text="Invisible">
      <TextBlock.Style>
        <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
          <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden"/>
          <Style.Triggers>
            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding ElementName=LanguageSelector, Path=SelectedItem.(LanguageItem.LanguageName)}" 
                         Value="English">
              <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
            </DataTrigger>
          </Style.Triggers>
        </Style>
      </TextBlock.Style>
    </TextBlock>

    <ComboBox x:Name="LanguageSelector" />
  </StackPanel>
</Window>

Answer 2

我覺得@BionicCode 給出了相當全面的答案，但我會加上我的 2 美分。

我認為滿足您要求的最佳解決方案是樣式觸發器。
我看到 Bionic 包括了這一點，但這里有一個MCVE ：

<Window x:Class="project-name.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="120" Width="300">
    <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="15,15,0,0">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <TextBlock Text="Language:   " VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
            <ComboBox x:Name="LanguageCB" HorizontalAlignment="Left" SelectedIndex="0">
                <ComboBoxItem Content="None ?"/>
                <ComboBoxItem Content="English"/>
            </ComboBox>
        </StackPanel>
        <Border Margin="0,10,0,0" BorderThickness="1" BorderBrush="Black" Padding="2">
            <TextBlock Text="Becomes visible when &quot;LanguageCB&quot; changes selection">
                <TextBlock.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
                        <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden"/>
                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding ElementName=LanguageCB, Path=SelectedIndex}" Value="1">
                                <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
                            </DataTrigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </TextBlock.Style>
            </TextBlock>
        </Border>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

但是......如果您真的在您的應用程序中進行本地化，而不僅僅是將此作為示例，那么我認為有一個更好的解決方案。
首先花幾分鍾閱讀WPF 全球化和本地化。

然后將至少 1 個語言資源文件添加到項目的屬性中（例如“Resources.ja-JP.resx”，並且不要忘記將 Resources.resx 文件標記為公開。將一些本地化字符串放入這些.resx 文件中。

然后將 TextBlock 的文本綁定到屬性：

<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=ResourceName, Source={StaticResource Resources}}"/>

接下來，您需要一些代碼來處理切換文化。 這里有很多選項，但我將包含一些我過去使用過的代碼。

文化資源.cs

namespace Multi_Language_Base_App.Cultures
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Windows.Data;

    /// <summary>
    /// Wraps up XAML access to instance of Properties.Resources, 
    /// list of available cultures, and method to change culture </summary>
    public class CultureResources
    {
        private static ObjectDataProvider provider;

        public static event EventHandler<EventArgs> CultureUpdateEvent;

        //only fetch installed cultures once
        private static bool bFoundInstalledCultures = false;

        private static List<CultureInfo> pSupportedCultures = new List<CultureInfo>();
        /// <summary>
        /// List of available cultures, enumerated at startup
        /// </summary>
        public static List<CultureInfo> SupportedCultures
        {
            get { return pSupportedCultures; }
        }

        public CultureResources()
        {
            if (!bFoundInstalledCultures)
            {
                //determine which cultures are available to this application
                Debug.WriteLine("Get Installed cultures:");
                CultureInfo tCulture = new CultureInfo("");


                foreach (string dir in Directory.GetDirectories(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        //see if this directory corresponds to a valid culture name
                        DirectoryInfo dirinfo = new DirectoryInfo(dir);
                        tCulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(dirinfo.Name);

                        //determine if a resources dll exists in this directory that matches the executable name
                        string exe = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;

                        if (dirinfo.GetFiles(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(exe) + ".resources.dll").Length > 0)
                        {
                            pSupportedCultures.Add(tCulture);
                            Debug.WriteLine(string.Format(" Found Culture: {0} [{1}]", tCulture.DisplayName, tCulture.Name));
                        }
                    }
                    catch (ArgumentException) //ignore exceptions generated for any unrelated directories in the bin folder
                    {
                    }
                }
                bFoundInstalledCultures = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The Resources ObjectDataProvider uses this method to get 
        /// an instance of the _This Application Namespace_.Properties.Resources class
        /// </summary>
        public Properties.Resources GetResourceInstance()
        {
            return new Properties.Resources();
        }


        public static ObjectDataProvider ResourceProvider
        {
            get
            {
                if (provider == null)
                    provider = (ObjectDataProvider)App.Current.FindResource("Resources");
                return provider;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Change the current culture used in the application.
        /// If the desired culture is available all localized elements are updated.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="culture">Culture to change to</param>
        public static void ChangeCulture(CultureInfo culture)
        {
            // Remain on the current culture if the desired culture cannot be found
            // - otherwise it would revert to the default resources set, which may or may not be desired.
            if (pSupportedCultures.Contains(culture))
            {
                Properties.Resources.Culture = culture;
                ResourceProvider.Refresh();

                RaiseCultureUpdateEvent(null, new EventArgs());

                Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Culture changed to [{0}].", culture.NativeName));
            }
            else
            {
                Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Culture [{0}] not available", culture));
            }
        }

        private static void RaiseCultureUpdateEvent(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            EventHandler<EventArgs> handleit = CultureUpdateEvent;
            CultureUpdateEvent?.Invoke(sender, e);
        }

    }
}

最后一塊拼圖應該是提供從 xaml 訪問文化資源的方法。 這是使用 ObjectDataProvider 完成的。

您可以將其直接放在 App.xaml 或單獨的文件中，並在 App.xaml 中引用。

<ResourceDictionary
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:Cultures="clr-namespace:Multi_Language_Base_App.Cultures">
    <!-- Contains the current instance of the ProjectName.Properties.Resources class.
         Used in bindings to get localized strings and automatic updates when the culture is updated -->
    <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Resources" 
                        ObjectType="{x:Type Cultures:CultureResources}" 
                        MethodName="GetResourceInstance"/>

    <!-- Provides access to list of currently available cultures -->
    <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="CultureResourcesDS" 
                        ObjectType="{x:Type Cultures:CultureResources}"/>

</ResourceDictionary>

當你這樣做時，你的字符串綁定可以從一開始就自動匹配系統文化（或者最終成為你的通用資源中的默認值）。 用戶也可以即時切換文化。

在您的示例中，ComboBox SelectionChanged 事件將用作更改文化的起點，如下所示：

CultureInfo CultureJapanese = new CultureInfo("ja-JP");
Cultures.CultureResources.ChangeCulture(CultureJapanese);

我更喜歡使用命令來完成這項工作，但這取決於你。