SQL 查詢以獲取具有多列的第二個最新結果

Question

我正在嘗試將 go 的所有不同 part_id（基於 order_date）的第二個最新結果放入我正在制作的報告中，以將其與最新結果進行比較。

評論部分來自我嘗試但未成功的另一種方法。

任何幫助是極大的贊賞！

（旁注：我是在 SO 上發帖的新手，如果在其他地方得到回答，我提前道歉，但我找不到與此問題有關的任何內容）

我正在使用以下查詢：

SELECT
                              PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID
                            , PURCHASE_ORDER.VENDOR_ID
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.LINE_STATUS
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.ORDER_QTY
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.UNIT_PRICE
                            --, ROW_NUMBER() over (ORDER BY PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE DESC)AS ROW
                            , CAST (PURC_ORDER_LINE.ORDER_QTY * PURC_ORDER_LINE.UNIT_PRICE AS VARCHAR) AS TOTAL_COST
                    FROM
                              PURCHASE_ORDER
                              INNER JOIN
                                        PURC_ORDER_LINE
                              ON
                                        PURCHASE_ORDER.ID = PURC_ORDER_LINE.PURC_ORDER_ID

                    WHERE PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE < (SELECT MAX(ORDER_DATE) FROM PURCHASE_ORDER) AND PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID = 'XXXX'
                    ORDER BY ORDER_dATE DESC





                    --WHERE PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID = 'XXXX' and PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE = (SELECT MAX(ORDER_DATE) FROM PURCHASE_ORDER WHERE ORDER_DATE < (SELECT MAX(ORDER_DATE) FROM PURCHASE_ORDER))

編輯 5/28 深夜：

可以說下面是我需要每個 part_id 的第二個結果的數據集（第二個基於 ORDER_DATE DESC）

+-------------+---------+-----------+
| ORDER_DATE  | PART_ID | VENDOR_ID |
+-------------+---------+-----------+
| 2020-05-29  | XXXX    | CVVB      |
| 2020-05-27  | XXXX    | CVVB      |
| 2020-05-28  | XXXX    | CVVA      |
| 2020-05-28  | YYYY    | GGNB      |
| 2020-04-12  | YYYY    | GGNB      |
| 2020-02-08  | YYYY    | GGNB      |
| 2020-05-28  | ZZZZ    | LLNB      |
| 2019-10-28  | ZZZZ    | LLNB      |
| 2019-05-27  | ZZZZ    | OKIJ      |
+-------------+---------+-----------+

我希望收到以下 output（超過 3 個不同的零件 ID）：

+------------+---------+-----------+
| ORDER_DATE | PART_ID | VENDOR_ID |
+------------+---------+-----------+
| 2020-05-28 | XXXX    | CVVA      |
| 2020-04-12 | YYYY    | GGNB      |
| 2019-10-28 | ZZZZ    | LLNB      |
+------------+---------+-----------+

查詢中還有其他列，但將它們格式化為表會花費更長的時間。 我已經省略了示例中的一些列。

另一個編輯

我不確定這些信息是否有幫助，但我正在嘗試將最近的結果與之前的結果進行比較，以顯示定價和供應商的差異。 我們正在將數據編譯到報表生成器中； 我的方法是創建 2 個單獨的數據集，一個是最新的，另一個是第二個最新的，然后在 Report Builder 中合並來自數據集的數據。 如果有更簡單的方法並且我正朝着錯誤的方向前進，請告訴我！

例子：

+------------+---------+-----------+-------------+----------+------------+
| ORDER_DATE | PART_ID | VENDOR_ID | Porder_Date | Ppart_ID | pVendor_id |
+------------+---------+-----------+-------------+----------+------------+
| 2020-05-29 | XXXX    | CVVB      | 2020-05-28  | XXXX     | CVVA       |
| 2020-05-28 | YYYY    | GGNB      | 2020-04-12  | YYYY     | GGNB       |
| 2020-05-28 | ZZZZ    | LLNB      | 2019-10-28  | ZZZZ     | LLNB       |
+------------+---------+-----------+-------------+----------+------------+

編輯第二天早上

感謝大家的幫助。 在 Harry 發布了他的解決方案之后，我繼續進行了一些微小的編輯以添加我需要的列。 我用原來的 select 語句交換了他的聯合部分。 這里的一切似乎正是我正在尋找的！

代碼：

;
WITH mycte AS
          (
                    SELECT
                              PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID
                            , PURCHASE_ORDER.VENDOR_ID
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.LINE_STATUS
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.ORDER_QTY
                            , PURC_ORDER_LINE.UNIT_PRICE
                            , CAST (PURC_ORDER_LINE.ORDER_QTY * PURC_ORDER_LINE.UNIT_PRICE AS VARCHAR) AS TOTAL_COST
                    FROM
                              PURCHASE_ORDER
                              INNER JOIN
                                        PURC_ORDER_LINE
                              ON
                                        PURCHASE_ORDER.ID = PURC_ORDER_LINE.PURC_ORDER_ID
          )
        , mycte2 AS
          (
                    SELECT
                              CONVERT(DATE,order_date) AS order_date
                            , part_id
                            , vendor_id
                            , order_qty
                            , unit_price
                            , total_cost
                            , ROW_NUMBER() over(
                                      PARTITION BY part_id
                                      ORDER BY
                                                CONVERT(DATE,order_date) DESC) AS row_num
                    FROM
                              mycte
          )
SELECT
          mycte2.order_date
        , mycte2.part_id
        , mycte2.vendor_id
        , mycte2.order_qty
        , mycte2.unit_price
        , mycte2.total_cost
        , previous.order_date porder_date
        , previous.part_id    ppart_id
        , previous.vendor_id  pvendor_id
        , previous.order_qty  poqrder_qty
        , previous.unit_price punit_price
        , previous.total_cost ptotal_cost
FROM
          mycte2
          LEFT JOIN
                    mycte2 previous
          ON
                    previous.row_num   = mycte2.row_num +1
                    AND mycte2.part_id = previous.part_id
WHERE
          mycte2.row_num = 1

Answer 1

我認為這樣的事情可以得到第二個最近的訂單：

;WITH cteOrders AS (
 SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Order_Date DESC) AS row_num,
    PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE
    , PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID
    , PURCHASE_ORDER.VENDOR_ID
    , PURC_ORDER_LINE.LINE_STATUS
    , PURC_ORDER_LINE.ORDER_QTY
    , PURC_ORDER_LINE.UNIT_PRICE
 FROM PURCHASE_ORDER 
 INNER JOIN PURC_ORDER_LINE ON PURCHASE_ORDER.ID = PURC_ORDER_LINE.PURC_ORDER_ID
 WHERE PURCHASE_ORDER.ORDER_DATE < (SELECT MAX(ORDER_DATE) FROM PURCHASE_ORDER) AND PURC_ORDER_LINE.PART_ID = 'XXXX'
 )
 SELECT * FROM cteOrders WHERE row_num = 2

Answer 2

根據您提供的數據，您可以使用 cte 和行號 function 執行此操作。

注意 - 它總是有助於顯示整個畫面，而不是僅僅要求您需要幫助的部分（通常）.. 因為如果我們能夠理解整個問題，更容易回答！

請參閱下面的代碼

;with mycte as (


select 
 '2020-05-29' as order_date  , 'XXXX'  as part_id   , 'CVVB' as vendor_id
 union all select
 '2020-05-27'  , 'XXXX'    , 'CVVB'  
  union all select
 '2020-05-28'  , 'XXXX'    , 'CVVA'      
  union all select
 '2020-05-28'  , 'YYYY'    , 'GGNB'     
  union all select
 '2020-04-12'  , 'YYYY'    , 'GGNB'      
  union all select
 '2020-02-08'  , 'YYYY'    , 'GGNB'     
  union all select
 '2020-05-28'  , 'ZZZZ'    , 'LLNB'      
  union all select
 '2019-10-28' , 'ZZZZ'    , 'LLNB'    
  union all select
 '2019-05-27'  , 'ZZZZ'    , 'OKIJ' 
 )
 , mycte2 as (
 Select 
  convert(date,order_date) as order_date
 ,part_id
 ,vendor_id
 ,ROW_NUMBER() over( partition by part_id order by convert(date,order_date) desc) as row_num
 from mycte
)

Select 
mycte2.order_date
,mycte2.part_id
,mycte2.vendor_id
,previous.order_date porder_date
,previous.part_id ppart_id
,previous.vendor_id pvendor_id
from  mycte2

 left join mycte2 previous
    on previous.row_num = mycte2.row_num +1
    and mycte2.part_id = previous.part_id

where mycte2.row_num = 1

結果