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如何在 pyqt5 中進行 matplotlib plot 交互

[英]How to make a matplotlib plot interactive in pyqt5

 原文  2020-07-14 16:50:02  0   1    python/ matplotlib/ user-interface/ pyqt5/ embed

問題描述

背景

我目前正在做一個項目，我想將 matplotlib plot 嵌入到 pyqt5 GUI 中。 plot 是交互式的，允許繪制陰影矩形。

問題

問題是當 plot 嵌入到 pyqt window 中時，它是不可交互的。 當我運行程序時，下面代碼中的第 147 行（mplWidget 類中的 plt.show()）顯示 matplotlib plot，然后我可以繪制一個矩形，如下所示：

matplotlib 繪圖

但是，當這個 window 關閉並且 plot 嵌入到 pyqt Z05B8C74CBD902FBF2DE4C1 中時，它變得不可編輯

pyqt不可編輯的情節

我想要 GUI plot 到 function 就像 matplotlib 圖一樣。

建議的解決方案/問題

我知道這與我必須通過connect()語句提供 pyqt 功能這一事實有關，但我不知道那些 go 的位置/它們如何適合該程序。
我不知道如何連接到 matplotlib。 我是否只對 mplWidget class 函數使用connect()語句？
任何幫助表示贊賞！
（我意識到我需要取出第 147 行（plt.show()），以便圖形框架不會在 gui 之前彈出，但我只是暫時顯示 mpl class 仍然按預期工作，並且問題是它在嵌入時變為“靜態”）

代碼

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)

class topLevelWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # Add a central widget to the main window and lay it out in a grid
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.gridLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.gridLayout_5.setObjectName("gridLayout_5")

        # Create mainTabs object as well as the displayFrame and displaySettingsFrame that go in the central widget
        # Display Frame and Display settings frames
        self.displayFrame = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout_22 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.displayFrame)
        self.verticalLayout_22.setObjectName("verticalLayout_22")

        self.gridLayout_5.addWidget(self.displayFrame, 1, 0, 1, 1)

        self.devConstructor = mplWidget()
        self.dynamic_canvas = FigureCanvasQTAgg(self.devConstructor.fig)
        self.verticalLayout_22.addWidget(self.dynamic_canvas)

        self._dynamic_ax = self.devConstructor.ax
        self.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)


        # Perform final windows setup (set buddies, translate, tab order, initial tabs, etc)
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        self.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))  # Was self.setWindowTitle

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(self)

        self.show()


class mplWidget(QtWidgets.QWidget): # n.b. changed this from Object to QWidget and added a super()

    def setSnapBase(self, base):
        return lambda value: int(base*round(float(value)/base))

    def onclick(self, event):
        if self.plotSnap is False:
            self.bottomLeftX = event.xdata
            self.bottomLeftY = event.ydata
        else:
            self.calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
            self.bottomLeftX = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
            self.bottomLeftY = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)

        try:
            self.aspan.remove()
        except:
            pass

        self.moving = True

    def onrelease(self, event):
        if self.plotSnap is False:
            self.topRightX = event.xdata
            self.topRightY = event.ydata
        else:
            try:
                calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
                self.topRightX = calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
                self.topRightY = calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)
            except:
                pass

        self.x = np.array([self.bottomLeftX, self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX, self.topRightX, self.bottomLeftX])
        self.y = np.array([self.bottomLeftY, self.topRightY, self.topRightY, self.bottomLeftY, self.bottomLeftY])

        self.myPlot.set_xdata(self.x)
        self.myPlot.set_ydata(self.y)
        # ax.fill_between(x, y, color=defaultColors[0, :], alpha=.25)
        ylimDiff = self.ax.get_ylim()[1] - self.ax.get_ylim()[0]
        self.aspan = self.ax.axvspan(self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX,
                                     (self.bottomLeftY-self.ax.get_ylim()[0])/ylimDiff,
                                    (self.topRightY-self.ax.get_ylim()[0])/ylimDiff,
                                     color=self.defaultColors[0, :], alpha=.25)

        self.moving = False

        self.fig.canvas.draw()

    def onmotion(self, event):
        if self.moving is False:
            return
        if event.inaxes is None:
            return
        if event.button != 1:
            return

        if self.plotSnap is False:
            self.topRightX = event.xdata
            self.topRightY = event.ydata
        else:
            self.calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
            self.topRightX = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
            self.topRightY = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)

        self.x = np.array([self.bottomLeftX, self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX, self.topRightX, self.bottomLeftX])
        self.y = np.array([self.bottomLeftY, self.topRightY, self.topRightY, self.bottomLeftY, self.bottomLeftY])

        self.myPlot.set_xdata(self.x)
        self.myPlot.set_ydata(self.y)

        self.fig.canvas.draw()

    def __init__(self):
        super(mplWidget, self).__init__()
        # Set default colors array
        self.defaultColors = np.array([[0, 0.4470, 0.7410], [0.8500, 0.3250, 0.0980], [0.9290, 0.6940, 0.1250],
                                  [0.4660, 0.6740, 0.1880], [0.6350, 0.0780, 0.1840], [0.4940, 0.1840, 0.5560],
                                  [0.3010, 0.7450, 0.9330]])

        # Create a figure with axes
        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.ax = self.fig.gca()

        # Form the plot and shading
        self.bottomLeftX = 0; self.bottomLeftY = 0; self.topRightX = 0; self.topRightY = 0
        self.x = np.array([self.bottomLeftX, self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX, self.topRightX, self.bottomLeftX])
        self.y = np.array([self.bottomLeftY, self.topRightY, self.topRightY, self.bottomLeftY, self.bottomLeftY])

        self.myPlot, = self.ax.plot(self.x, self.y, color=self.defaultColors[0, :])
        self.aspan = self.ax.axvspan(self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX, color= self.defaultColors[0, :], alpha=0)

        # Set moving flag false (determines if mouse is being clicked and dragged inside plot). Set graph snap
        self.moving = False
        self.plotSnap = 5

        # Set up connectivity
        self.cid = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.onclick)
        self.cid = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.onrelease)
        self.cid = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.onmotion)


        # Set plot limits and show it
        plt.ylim((-100, 100))
        plt.xlim((-100, 100))
        plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    MainWindow = topLevelWindow()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

1 個解決方案

解決方案1
 2 已采納  2020-07-14 17:46:09

在你的代碼中有很多，所以我只會列出它們：

  • 如果你打算使用 FigureCanvasQTAgg 那么你不應該再使用 pyplot 了。
  • “mplWidget”是一個 class，其唯一的任務是重繪 canvas，所以它必須是一個 QWidget 嗎？
  • 如果您要比較布爾值，請不要使用“is”，例如if self.plotSnap is False: ， if not self.plotSnap:我也認為認為“plotSnap”為 False 是不合邏輯的，如果你想禁用然后設置一個不可能的值，例如 0 或負數。

考慮到上面我已經讓 MplWidget 從 FigureCanvasQTAgg 繼承，我已經消除了 pyplot 的使用：

import numpy as np
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (
    FigureCanvasQTAgg,
    NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar,
)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


class MplWidget(FigureCanvasQTAgg):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        fig = Figure()
        super(MplWidget, self).__init__(fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        # Set default colors array
        self.defaultColors = np.array(
            [
                [0, 0.4470, 0.7410],
                [0.8500, 0.3250, 0.0980],
                [0.9290, 0.6940, 0.1250],
                [0.4660, 0.6740, 0.1880],
                [0.6350, 0.0780, 0.1840],
                [0.4940, 0.1840, 0.5560],
                [0.3010, 0.7450, 0.9330],
            ]
        )

        # Create a figure with axes

        self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)

        # Form the plot and shading
        self.bottomLeftX = 0
        self.bottomLeftY = 0
        self.topRightX = 0
        self.topRightY = 0
        self.x = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
            ]
        )
        self.y = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
            ]
        )

        (self.myPlot,) = self.ax.plot(self.x, self.y, color=self.defaultColors[0, :])
        self.aspan = self.ax.axvspan(
            self.bottomLeftX, self.topRightX, color=self.defaultColors[0, :], alpha=0
        )
        self.ax.set_xlim((-100, 100))
        self.ax.set_ylim((-100, 100))

        # Set moving flag false (determines if mouse is being clicked and dragged inside plot). Set graph snap
        self.moving = False
        self.plotSnap = 5

        # Set up connectivity
        self.cid1 = self.mpl_connect("button_press_event", self.onclick)
        self.cid2 = self.mpl_connect("button_release_event", self.onrelease)
        self.cid3 = self.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", self.onmotion)

    def setSnapBase(self, base):
        return lambda value: int(base * round(float(value) / base))

    def onclick(self, event):
        if self.plotSnap <= 0:
            self.bottomLeftX = event.xdata
            self.bottomLeftY = event.ydata
        else:
            self.calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
            self.bottomLeftX = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
            self.bottomLeftY = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)

        try:
            self.aspan.remove()
        except:
            pass

        self.moving = True

    def onrelease(self, event):
        if self.plotSnap <= 0:
            self.topRightX = event.xdata
            self.topRightY = event.ydata
        else:
            try:
                calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
                self.topRightX = calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
                self.topRightY = calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)
            except:
                pass

        self.x = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
            ]
        )
        self.y = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
            ]
        )

        self.myPlot.set_xdata(self.x)
        self.myPlot.set_ydata(self.y)
        # ax.fill_between(x, y, color=defaultColors[0, :], alpha=.25)
        ylimDiff = self.ax.get_ylim()[1] - self.ax.get_ylim()[0]
        self.aspan = self.ax.axvspan(
            self.bottomLeftX,
            self.topRightX,
            (self.bottomLeftY - self.ax.get_ylim()[0]) / ylimDiff,
            (self.topRightY - self.ax.get_ylim()[0]) / ylimDiff,
            color=self.defaultColors[0, :],
            alpha=0.25,
        )

        self.moving = False
        self.draw()

    def onmotion(self, event):
        if not self.moving:
            return
        if event.inaxes is None:
            return
        if event.button != 1:
            return

        if self.plotSnap <= 0:
            self.topRightX = event.xdata
            self.topRightY = event.ydata
        else:
            self.calculateSnapCoordinates = self.setSnapBase(self.plotSnap)
            self.topRightX = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.xdata)
            self.topRightY = self.calculateSnapCoordinates(event.ydata)

        self.x = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.topRightX,
                self.bottomLeftX,
            ]
        )
        self.y = np.array(
            [
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.topRightY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
                self.bottomLeftY,
            ]
        )
        self.myPlot.set_xdata(self.x)
        self.myPlot.set_ydata(self.y)

        self.draw()


class TopLevelWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.canvas = MplWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.canvas)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    w = TopLevelWindow()
    w.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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