Tkinter Python 中的雙滾動條

Question

我無法讓 x 和 y 滾動條在 Tkinter 和 Python 中工作，盡管我遵循了多個示例：

1. 如何在 python 3.4 中使用 tkinter 添加 2 個滾動條
2. 為 tkinter 中的一組小部件添加滾動條
3. 如何在 tkinter 中制作正確的雙滾動條框架
4. Tkinter 小部件上的垂直和水平滾動條
5. 水平和垂直滾動 Canvas 小部件

滾動條出現，但在 window 小於框架時不會激活。 我怎樣才能讓它工作（見下圖）？

下面是產生我的問題的最小代碼（Python 3.7）

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

big_font = ("Arial", 50)

class DoubleScrollbarFrame(ttk.Frame):

    def __init__(self,
                 parent,
                 *args,
                 **kwargs):
        self.parent = parent

        super().__init__(self.parent,
                         *args,
                         **kwargs)

        #Set widgets to fill main window such that they are
        #all the same size
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.create_widgets()
        self.position_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self)
        self.frame = ttk.Frame(self.canvas)
        self.scroll_x = ttk.Scrollbar(self,
                                      orient = tk.HORIZONTAL,
                                      command = self.canvas.xview)
        self.scroll_y = ttk.Scrollbar(self,
                                      orient = tk.VERTICAL,
                                      command = self.canvas.yview)
        self.canvas.config(xscrollcommand = self.scroll_x.set,
                           yscrollcommand = self.scroll_y.set)
        self.canvas.create_window((0,0),
                                  window = self.frame,
                                  anchor = 'nw')
        self.frame.bind('<Configure>',
                        self.set_scrollregion)
        self.sizegrip = ttk.Sizegrip(self)

        #Test
        self.test1 = tk.Label(self.frame,
                              text = 'Test 1',
                              font = big_font)
        self.test2 = tk.Label(self.frame,
                              text = 'Test 2',
                              font = big_font)
        self.test3 = tk.Label(self.frame,
                              text = 'Test 3',
                              font = big_font)

    def position_widgets(self,
                         **kwargs):
        self.test1.grid(row = 0,
                        column = 0,
                        sticky = 'w')
        self.test2.grid(row = 1,
                        column = 0,
                        sticky = 'w')
        self.test3.grid(row = 2,
                        column = 0,
                        sticky = 'w')
        
        self.scroll_x.grid(row = 1,
                           column = 0,
                           sticky = 'ew')

        self.scroll_y.grid(row = 0,
                           column = 1,
                           sticky = 'ns')

        self.canvas.grid(row = 0,
                         column = 0,
                         sticky = 'nsew')
        
        self.frame.grid(row = 0,
                        column = 0,
                        sticky = 'nsew')

        self.sizegrip.grid(row = 1,
                           column = 1,
                           sticky = 'se')

    def set_scrollregion(self,
                         event):
        print('Frame Dimensions: {} x {}'.format(self.frame.winfo_width(),
                                                 self.frame.winfo_height()))
        print('Canvas Dimensions: {} x {}'.format(self.canvas.winfo_width(),
                                                  self.canvas.winfo_height()))
        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion = self.canvas.bbox('all'))

class MainApp(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self,
                 *args,
                 **kwargs):

        super().__init__(*args,
                         **kwargs)

        #Set widgets to fill main window such that they are
        #all the same size
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.create_widgets()
        self.position_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.frame = DoubleScrollbarFrame(self)

    def position_widgets(self):
        self.frame.grid(row = 0,
                        column = 0,
                        sticky = 'nsew')

    def exit(self):
        self.destroy()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    #Create GUI
    root = MainApp()

    #Run program
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

問題在於DoubleScrollbarFrame.position_widgets內的這些代碼行：

self.frame.grid(row = 0,
                column = 0,
                sticky = 'nsew')

這將從 canvas 中刪除對小部件的控制，並將控制權交給grid 。 它不再是 canvas object，所以self.canvas.bbox("all")正在返回(0, 0, 1, 1) 。 如果滾動區域設置不正確，滾動條不知道要滾動多少。

解決方案很簡單：不要在self.frame上調用grid 。