[英]Java Swing: Making a growing circle by mouse click on JPanel
我是 Java 的初學者,這次我試圖通過查找代碼示例並編輯它們來了解更多信息,例如從這個網站。 我有一個 JFrame,每次點擊它(或更准確地說是其中的 JPanel)時,都會繪制一個圓圈,該圓圈將像水波紋一樣向外擴展/擴展。 每個圓都以一定的半徑開始,當達到更大的半徑時將被刪除或重新繪制(我選擇了半徑“r”從 10 到 200)。 我有兩個程序,它們幾乎可以工作,但缺少一些東西。 如果我是對的,我可能也知道他們的問題是什么,但我不知道如何解決它們:
一個生成越來越大的圓,但無論何時生成,它們都具有相同的大小,因為我不知道如何將半徑分配給單個圓。 代碼改編自這里:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class Ripples extends JPanel implements ActionListener{
public int r = 10;
private ArrayList<Point> p;
public Ripples() {
p = new ArrayList<>();
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
p.add(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
}
});
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setColor(Color.CYAN);
for (Point pt : p) {
g2.drawOval(pt.x-r, pt.y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
}
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
if(r<200){
r++;
} else {
r = 10;
}
repaint();
}
public static void Gui() {
JFrame f = new JFrame();
Ripples p = new Ripples();
p.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
f.setContentPane(p);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setSize(500,300);
f.setVisible(true);
Timer t = new Timer(20,p);
t.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gui();
}
}
另一個程序(我忘了我從哪里得到的)有不同半徑的圓,這取決於它們何時生成,但是這些圓“閃爍”,因為——據我所知——它們都是同時處理的,因為代碼不包含一個數組來單獨存儲和更新每個圓,就像上面的那樣:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class Ripples extends JPanel {
int x,y;
int r = 10;
public Ripples(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
Timer t = new Timer(20, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (r<200) {
r++;
} else {
r=10;
}
revalidate();
repaint();
}
});
t.start();
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.CYAN);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.drawOval(x-r,y-r,2*r,2*r);
}
public static void Gui() {
JFrame f = new JFrame("Water Ripples");
JPanel p0 = new JPanel();
p0.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
f.add(p0);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setBounds(100,100,600,500);
f.setVisible(true);
f.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
Ripples rG = new Ripples(e.getX(), e.getY());
rG.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
f.add(rG);
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gui();
}
}
那么我該如何解決這個問題,以便讓圓圈相互獨立? 我更喜歡上層代碼的解決方案/改進/提示,因為我認為它的結構比第二個更好。 另外,我很抱歉沒有將代碼分成更多的類,並且可能沒有遵守命名約定。 感謝您的幫助,非常感謝!
我更喜歡上層代碼的解決方案/改進/提示
第二個代碼更好,因為它使用:
因為我認為它的結構比第二個更好。
不是一個很好的理由。 使用提供所需功能的代碼。
自己重構代碼。 這是學習經歷的一部分。
第二個代碼的問題:
Position
對象時分配初始半徑。Position
對象的半徑。Position
對象的半徑用於繪制代碼。 作為附加的更改,可以調用Position
類Ripple
。 然后您可以為漣漪的Color
添加另一個自定義屬性。 然后,當您將Ripple
添加到 ArrayList 時,您會隨機生成一個顏色。 然后在繪制方法中使用Ripple
類的 Color 屬性。 這就是您使對象和繪畫更加靈活和動態的方式。
我在你的Ripples
代碼中添加了一個Circle
類。 這允許ActionListener
獨立處理每個圓。
我通過調用SwingUtilities
invokeLater
方法啟動了 GUI。 此方法可確保在Event Dispatch Thread上創建和執行 Swing 組件。
這是代碼。
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class Ripples extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
private List<Circle> circles;
public Ripples() {
circles = new ArrayList<>();
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
circles.add(new Circle(event.getPoint()));
}
});
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setColor(Color.CYAN);
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
for (Circle circle : circles) {
Point p = circle.getCenter();
int radius = circle.getRadius();
g2.drawOval(p.x - radius, p.y - radius,
2 * radius, 2 * radius);
}
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
for (Circle circle : circles) {
circle.incrementRadius();
}
repaint();
}
public static void createGUI() {
JFrame f = new JFrame("Ripples");
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Ripples p = new Ripples();
p.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
p.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 500));
f.setContentPane(p);
f.pack();
f.setLocationByPlatform(true);
f.setVisible(true);
Timer t = new Timer(20, p);
t.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
createGUI();
}
});
}
public class Circle {
private int radius;
private final Point center;
public Circle(Point center) {
this.center = center;
this.radius = 10;
}
public void incrementRadius() {
radius += 1;
radius = (radius > 200) ? 10 : radius;
}
public int getRadius() {
return radius;
}
public Point getCenter() {
return center;
}
}
}
編輯添加:
我重新編寫了Ripples
類代碼以分離關注點。 我創建了一個DrawingPanel
類來保存繪圖面板、一個RipplesListener
類來保存MouseAdapter
代碼、一個Animation
類來保存運行圓圈動畫的Runnable
、一個RipplesModel
類來保存Circle
實例List
,最后是Circle
類。
我本可以為動畫使用 Swing Timer
,但我更熟悉創建和運行我自己的動畫線程。
是的,此代碼比原始示例更復雜。 此處使用的編碼風格可以用於更大、更復雜的 Swing GUI 開發。
這是修改后的代碼。 我希望這是一個更好的例子。
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
public class Ripples implements Runnable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Ripples());
}
private Animation animation;
private DrawingPanel drawingPanel;
private RipplesModel model;
public Ripples() {
model = new RipplesModel();
}
@Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Ripples");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) {
stopAnimation();
frame.dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
});
drawingPanel = new DrawingPanel(model);
frame.add(drawingPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
frame.setVisible(true);
animation = new Animation(this, model);
new Thread(animation).start();
}
public void repaint() {
drawingPanel.repaint();
}
private void stopAnimation() {
if (animation != null) {
animation.setRunning(false);
}
}
public class DrawingPanel extends JPanel {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private RipplesModel model;
public DrawingPanel(RipplesModel model) {
this.model = model;
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 500));
addMouseListener(new RipplesListener(model));
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
List<Circle> circles = model.getCircles();
for (Circle circle : circles) {
Point p = circle.getCenter();
int radius = circle.getRadius();
g2.setColor(circle.getColor());
g2.drawOval(p.x - radius, p.y - radius,
2 * radius, 2 * radius);
}
}
}
public class RipplesListener extends MouseAdapter {
private RipplesModel model;
public RipplesListener(RipplesModel model) {
this.model = model;
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
model.addCircle(new Circle(event.getPoint(),
createColor()));
}
private Color createColor() {
Random random = new Random();
int r = random.nextInt(255);
int g = random.nextInt(255);
int b = random.nextInt(255);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
}
public class Animation implements Runnable {
private volatile boolean running;
private Ripples frame;
private RipplesModel model;
public Animation(Ripples frame, RipplesModel model) {
this.frame = frame;
this.model = model;
this.running = true;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (running) {
sleep(20L);
incrementRadius();
}
}
private void incrementRadius() {
List<Circle> circles = model.getCircles();
for (Circle circle : circles) {
circle.incrementRadius();
}
repaint();
}
private void sleep(long delay) {
try {
Thread.sleep(delay);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void repaint() {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
frame.repaint();
}
});
}
public synchronized void setRunning(boolean running) {
this.running = running;
}
}
public class RipplesModel {
private List<Circle> circles;
public RipplesModel() {
this.circles = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void addCircle(Circle circle) {
this.circles.add(circle);
}
public List<Circle> getCircles() {
return circles;
}
}
public class Circle {
private int radius;
private final Color color;
private final Point center;
public Circle(Point center, Color color) {
this.center = center;
this.color = color;
this.radius = 10;
}
public void incrementRadius() {
radius = (++radius > 200) ? 10 : radius;
}
public Color getColor() {
return color;
}
public int getRadius() {
return radius;
}
public Point getCenter() {
return center;
}
}
}
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