Python，安裝 matplotlib 時出錯

Question

操作系統：Windows 10

Python 版本：3.9.0

錯誤代碼：

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output. 

我試過：

python -m pip install -U pip
python -m pip install -U matplotlib

沒有用。

然后我試過：

pip install --upgrade setuptools

沒有解決問題。

我在 SO 上讀到，也許如果我在管理員模式下打開 shell，它可以解決問題，但它也不起作用。

我看到有人提到了這個錯誤代碼的ez-setup。 我安裝了它，但這也不起作用。

我不知道它是否有什么可做的，但我的 C 目錄看起來像這樣：

C:\Users\METİNUSTA

它有一個大寫的 i 字符，有時會導致應用程序出現問題。 我無法更改它，因為我使用的是學校的 Windows 密鑰，它不允許我進行任何更改。 因此，我在 D: 上安裝了 python。

另外這里是我的 pip 列表以獲取額外信息：

ez-setup    0.9
flake8      3.8.4
mccabe      0.6.1
pip         20.2.4
pycodestyle 2.6.0
pyflakes    2.2.0
setuptools  50.3.2
wheel       0.35.1

最后是我在 windows powershell 上得到的整個錯誤日志：

    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\METİNUSTA\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-8iv10tb_\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\METİNUSTA\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-8iv10tb_\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-elosrn6m'
         cwd: C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-8iv10tb_\matplotlib\
    Complete output (99 lines):
      WARNING: Missing build requirements in pyproject.toml for numpy>=1.15 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bf/e8/15aea783ea72e2d4e51e3ec365e8dc4a1a32c9e5eb3a6d695b0d58e67cdd/numpy-1.19.2.zip#sha256=0d310730e1e793527065ad7dde736197b705d0e4c9999775f212b03c44a8484c.
      WARNING: The project does not specify a build backend, and pip cannot fall back to setuptools without 'setuptools>=40.8.0' and 'wheel'.
        ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
         command: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' 'd:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\METNUS~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpqz3brme_'
             cwd: C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy
        Complete output (49 lines):
        Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:
        SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xdd in position 0: unexpected end of data (sitecustomize.py, line 21)
        Running from numpy source directory.
        setup.py:470: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
          run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
        Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:
        SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xdd in position 0: unexpected end of data (sitecustomize.py, line 21)
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
        Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 59, in process_pyx
            from Cython.Compiler.Version import version as cython_version
        ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'

        During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 235, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 231, in main
            find_process_files(root_dir)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 222, in find_process_files
            process(root_dir, fromfile, tofile, function, hash_db)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 188, in process
            processor_function(fromfile, tofile)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 64, in process_pyx
            raise OSError('Cython needs to be installed in Python as a module')
        OSError: Cython needs to be installed in Python as a module
        Cythonizing sources
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 280, in <module>
            main()
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 263, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 133, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 161, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            self.run_setup()
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 253, in run_setup
            super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend,
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 145, in run_setup
            exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
          File "setup.py", line 499, in <module>
            setup_package()
          File "setup.py", line 479, in setup_package
            generate_cython()
          File "setup.py", line 274, in generate_cython
            raise RuntimeError("Running cythonize failed!")
        RuntimeError: Running cythonize failed!
        ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' 'd:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\METNUS~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpqz3brme_' Check the logs for full command output.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 126, in fetch_build_egg
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\subprocess.py", line 373, in check_call
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['d:\\python\\python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\METNUS~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmppoh8r2c9', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-8iv10tb_\matplotlib\setup.py", line 242, in <module>
        setup(  # Finally, pass this all along to distutils to do the heavy lifting.
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 152, in setup
        _install_setup_requires(attrs)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 147, in _install_setup_requires
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 673, in fetch_build_eggs
        resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 764, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1049, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1061, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 732, in fetch_build_egg
        return fetch_build_egg(self, req)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 128, in fetch_build_egg
        raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '['d:\\python\\python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\METNUS~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmppoh8r2c9', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    Edit setup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.

    BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
      matplotlib: yes [3.3.2]
          python: yes [3.9.0 (tags/v3.9.0:9cf6752, Oct  5 2020, 15:34:40) [MSC
                      v.1927 64 bit (AMD64)]]
        platform: yes [win32]
     sample_data: yes [installing]
           tests: no  [skipping due to configuration]
          macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

Answer 1

編輯： matplotlib 現在已經發布了 python 3.9 的輪子，所以pip install --upgrade matplotlib應該可以工作。

原答案

matplotlib 尚未為 3.9 版制作輪子，因此您的 Python 嘗試從源代碼構建它。 您應該降級到 python 3.8，然后一切正常

Answer 2

1. python -m pip install --upgrade pip

2. pip install matplotlib==3.3.1

為我工作。

Answer 3

這是因為 matplotlib 沒有 3.9 輪子..

為了方便使用matplotlib，可以安裝anaconda。 在 anaconda 環境 matplotlib 中，默認情況下 numpy 和 pandas 可用於安裝在 Anaconda 中的 Python。 或者您可以使用較低版本的 Python。

Answer 4

從源代碼安裝它（Python >= 3.9.2）：

git clone git://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib.git

並使用以下命令構建和安裝：

cd matplotlib
python -mpip install .

如果您希望能夠跟隨開發分支的變化，只需將最后一步替換為：

python -mpip install -e .

來源和更多信息在這里： https : //matplotlib.org/stable/faq/installing_faq.html#install-from-git

Answer 5

我目前在我的電腦上使用 Python 3.10 版並想安裝 Maplotlib

使用

pip install matplotlib

錯誤：為 matplotlib 構建輪子 (setup.py)..error

cycler = 0.10 
kiwisolver = 1.0.1
numpy = 1.16 
pillow = 6.2.0 
pyparsing = 2.2.1
six = 1.5 
python-dateutil = 2.7

python -m pip install -U pip
python -m pip install -U matplotlib

再次成功安裝 pip-21.3.1 它沒有安裝...

發現 Matplotlib 輪僅適用於 Python 3.9 版本。 使用 Python 3.9 版本安裝 Matplotlib 就成功了