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這個算法中的Python尾遞歸優化?

[英]Python tail recursion optimization in this algo?

我遇到了以下問題:讓我們考慮以下編碼表:

0 -> A
1 -> B
2 -> C
...
  • 輸入:包含整數列表的字符串
  • 輸出:int 表示可以從輸入中編碼的單詞數
  • 例子:
"0" -> 1 (word is A)
"10" -> 2 (words are BA and K)
"121" -> 3 (words are BCB, MB and BV) 

我寫了這個算法

import string
sys.setrecursionlimit(100)  # limit the number of recursions to 100
# {0: 'a', 1: 'b', etc.}
dict_values = dict(zip(range(26), string.ascii_lowercase))

def count_split(list_numbers: list) -> int:
    if len(list_numbers) == 0:
        return 0

    elif len(list_numbers) == 1:
        return 1

    elif len(list_numbers) == 2:
        if int(list_numbers[0]) == 0:
            return 1

        elif 10 <= int("".join(list_numbers)) <= 25:
            return 2

        else:
            return 1

    else:  # list_numbers contains at least three elements
        if count_split(list_numbers[:2]) == 2:
            return count_split(list_numbers[1:]) + count_split(list_numbers[2:])

        else:
            return count_split(list_numbers[1:])

def get_nb_words(code: str) -> int:
    return count_split(list(code))

# print(get_nb_words("0124")) -> 3
# print(get_nb_words("124")) -> 3
# print(get_nb_words("368")) -> 1
# print(get_nb_words("322")) -> 2
# print(get_nb_words("12121212121212121212")) -> 10946

令人驚訝的是,該算法適用於最后一個示例"12121212121212121212" 我預計會超過遞歸次數,因為在每個步驟中,函數count_split在列表中被調用兩次。 這樣一來,調用次數就遠遠超過100次(甚至超過1000次)!

與此同時,我在 stackoverflow 上發現這篇文章說尾遞歸沒有在 Python 中優化,所以我有點驚訝!

有人可以向我解釋為什么在這個算法中沒有超過遞歸限制嗎?

您關心遞歸深度,即調用堆棧的最大深度(高度?)。

這是一種經驗方法:(測量深度的代碼)

import string, sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(100)  # limit the number of recursions to 100

dict_values = dict(zip(range(26), string.ascii_lowercase))
stack = []
max_depth = 0
def count_split(list_numbers: list) -> int:
    global max_depth
    stack.append(None)
    max_depth = max(max_depth, len(stack))
    if len(list_numbers) == 0:
        return 0

    elif len(list_numbers) == 1:
        return 1

    elif len(list_numbers) == 2:
        if int(list_numbers[0]) == 0:
            return 1

        elif 10 <= int("".join(list_numbers)) <= 25:
            return 2

        else:
            return 1

    else:  # list_numbers contains at least three elements
        if count_split(list_numbers[:2]) == 2:
            stack.pop()
            result = count_split(list_numbers[1:]) + count_split(list_numbers[2:])
            stack.pop(); stack.pop()
            return result

        else:
            result = count_split(list_numbers[1:])
            stack.pop()
            return result

def get_nb_words(code: str) -> int:
    return count_split(list(code))

print(get_nb_words("12121212121212121212"))
print(max_depth) # 20

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