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这个算法中的Python尾递归优化?

[英]Python tail recursion optimization in this algo?

我遇到了以下问题:让我们考虑以下编码表:

0 -> A
1 -> B
2 -> C
...
  • 输入:包含整数列表的字符串
  • 输出:int 表示可以从输入中编码的单词数
  • 例子:
"0" -> 1 (word is A)
"10" -> 2 (words are BA and K)
"121" -> 3 (words are BCB, MB and BV) 

我写了这个算法

import string
sys.setrecursionlimit(100)  # limit the number of recursions to 100
# {0: 'a', 1: 'b', etc.}
dict_values = dict(zip(range(26), string.ascii_lowercase))

def count_split(list_numbers: list) -> int:
    if len(list_numbers) == 0:
        return 0

    elif len(list_numbers) == 1:
        return 1

    elif len(list_numbers) == 2:
        if int(list_numbers[0]) == 0:
            return 1

        elif 10 <= int("".join(list_numbers)) <= 25:
            return 2

        else:
            return 1

    else:  # list_numbers contains at least three elements
        if count_split(list_numbers[:2]) == 2:
            return count_split(list_numbers[1:]) + count_split(list_numbers[2:])

        else:
            return count_split(list_numbers[1:])

def get_nb_words(code: str) -> int:
    return count_split(list(code))

# print(get_nb_words("0124")) -> 3
# print(get_nb_words("124")) -> 3
# print(get_nb_words("368")) -> 1
# print(get_nb_words("322")) -> 2
# print(get_nb_words("12121212121212121212")) -> 10946

令人惊讶的是,该算法适用于最后一个示例"12121212121212121212" 我预计会超过递归次数,因为在每个步骤中,函数count_split在列表中被调用两次。 这样一来,调用次数就远远超过100次(甚至超过1000次)!

与此同时,我在 stackoverflow 上发现这篇文章说尾递归没有在 Python 中优化,所以我有点惊讶!

有人可以向我解释为什么在这个算法中没有超过递归限制吗?

您关心递归深度,即调用堆栈的最大深度(高度?)。

这是一种经验方法:(测量深度的代码)

import string, sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(100)  # limit the number of recursions to 100

dict_values = dict(zip(range(26), string.ascii_lowercase))
stack = []
max_depth = 0
def count_split(list_numbers: list) -> int:
    global max_depth
    stack.append(None)
    max_depth = max(max_depth, len(stack))
    if len(list_numbers) == 0:
        return 0

    elif len(list_numbers) == 1:
        return 1

    elif len(list_numbers) == 2:
        if int(list_numbers[0]) == 0:
            return 1

        elif 10 <= int("".join(list_numbers)) <= 25:
            return 2

        else:
            return 1

    else:  # list_numbers contains at least three elements
        if count_split(list_numbers[:2]) == 2:
            stack.pop()
            result = count_split(list_numbers[1:]) + count_split(list_numbers[2:])
            stack.pop(); stack.pop()
            return result

        else:
            result = count_split(list_numbers[1:])
            stack.pop()
            return result

def get_nb_words(code: str) -> int:
    return count_split(list(code))

print(get_nb_words("12121212121212121212"))
print(max_depth) # 20

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