在沒有管理員權限的情況下使用 Python 獲取 CPU 和 GPU 溫度 - Windows

Question

我發布了這個問題，詢問如何在 Windows 10 上獲取 CPU 和 GPU 溫度： Get CPU and GPU Temp using Python Windows 。 對於那個問題，我沒有包含沒有管理員訪問權限的限制（至少在我第一次發布答案時，以及之后的相當長一段時間）。 然后我修改了我的問題以使需要管理員訪問權限的答案無效（這是當時唯一的有效答案）。 一個 mod 回滾到我問題的先前版本，並要求我發布一個新問題，所以我已經這樣做了。

我想知道是否有辦法在 python 中獲取 CPU 和 GPU 溫度。 我已經找到了一種適用於 Linux 的方法（使用psutil.sensors_temperature ），並且我想找到一種適用於 Windows 的方法。

信息：
操作系統：Windows 10
Python：Python 3.8.3 64 位（所以沒有 32 位 DLL）

以下是我嘗試過的一些東西：

當我嘗試執行以下操作時，我得到 None （從這里 - https://stackoverflow.com/a/3264262/13710015 ）：

import wmi
w = wmi.WMI()
prin(w.Win32_TemperatureProbe()[0].CurrentReading)

當我嘗試執行以下操作時，出現錯誤（來自此處 - https://stackoverflow.com/a/3264262/13710015 ）：

import wmi
w = wmi.WMI(namespace="root\wmi")
temperature_info = w.MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature()[0]
print(temperature_info.CurrentTemperature)

錯誤：

wmi.x_wmi: <x_wmi: Unexpected COM Error (-2147217396, 'OLE error 0x8004100c', None, None)>

當我嘗試執行以下操作時，我得到了（從這里 - https://stackoverflow.com/a/58924992/13710015 ）：

import ctypes
import ctypes.wintypes as wintypes
from ctypes import windll


LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
LPOVERLAPPED = wintypes.LPVOID
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES = wintypes.LPVOID

GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000
GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000
GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000
GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000

FILE_SHARE_WRITE=0x00000004
ZERO=0x00000000

CREATE_NEW = 1
CREATE_ALWAYS = 2
OPEN_EXISTING = 3
OPEN_ALWAYS = 4
TRUNCATE_EXISTING = 5

FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 0x00000080

INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1
FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN=0x00000022
METHOD_BUFFERED=0
FUNC=0x900
FILE_WRITE_ACCESS=0x002

NULL = 0
FALSE = wintypes.BOOL(0)
TRUE = wintypes.BOOL(1)


def CTL_CODE(DeviceType, Function, Method, Access): return (DeviceType << 16) | (Access << 14) | (Function <<2) | Method




def _CreateFile(filename, access, mode, creation, flags):
    """See: CreateFile function http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363858(v=vs.85).asp """
    CreateFile_Fn = windll.kernel32.CreateFileW
    CreateFile_Fn.argtypes = [
            wintypes.LPWSTR,                    # _In_          LPCTSTR lpFileName
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD dwDesiredAccess
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD dwShareMode
            LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,              # _In_opt_      LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD dwCreationDisposition
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes
            wintypes.HANDLE]                    # _In_opt_      HANDLE hTemplateFile
    CreateFile_Fn.restype = wintypes.HANDLE

    return wintypes.HANDLE(CreateFile_Fn(filename,
                         access,
                         mode,
                         NULL,
                         creation,
                         flags,
                         NULL))


handle=_CreateFile('\\\\\.\PhysicalDrive0',GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_WRITE,OPEN_EXISTING,ZERO)

def _DeviceIoControl(devhandle, ioctl, inbuf, inbufsiz, outbuf, outbufsiz):
    """See: DeviceIoControl function
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363216(v=vs.85).aspx
"""
    DeviceIoControl_Fn = windll.kernel32.DeviceIoControl
    DeviceIoControl_Fn.argtypes = [
            wintypes.HANDLE,                    # _In_          HANDLE hDevice
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD dwIoControlCode
            wintypes.LPVOID,                    # _In_opt_      LPVOID lpInBuffer
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD nInBufferSize
            wintypes.LPVOID,                    # _Out_opt_     LPVOID lpOutBuffer
            wintypes.DWORD,                     # _In_          DWORD nOutBufferSize
            LPDWORD,                            # _Out_opt_     LPDWORD lpBytesReturned
            LPOVERLAPPED]                       # _Inout_opt_   LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
    DeviceIoControl_Fn.restype = wintypes.BOOL

    # allocate a DWORD, and take its reference
    dwBytesReturned = wintypes.DWORD(0)
    lpBytesReturned = ctypes.byref(dwBytesReturned)

    status = DeviceIoControl_Fn(devhandle,
                  ioctl,
                  inbuf,
                  inbufsiz,
                  outbuf,
                  outbufsiz,
                  lpBytesReturned,
                  NULL)

    return status, dwBytesReturned

class OUTPUT_temp(ctypes.Structure):
        """See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363972(v=vs.85).aspx"""
        _fields_ = [
                ('Board Temp', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('CPU Temp', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('Board Temp2', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('temp4', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('temp5', wintypes.DWORD)
                ]

class OUTPUT_volt(ctypes.Structure):
        """See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363972(v=vs.85).aspx"""
        _fields_ = [
                ('VCore', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('V(in2)', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('3.3V', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('5.0V', wintypes.DWORD),
                ('temp5', wintypes.DWORD)
                ]

def get_temperature():
    FUNC=0x900
    outDict={}

    ioclt=CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, FUNC, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_WRITE_ACCESS)

    handle=_CreateFile('\\\\\.\PhysicalDrive0',GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_WRITE,OPEN_EXISTING,ZERO)

    win_list = OUTPUT_temp()
    p_win_list = ctypes.pointer(win_list)
    SIZE=ctypes.sizeof(OUTPUT_temp)


    status, output = _DeviceIoControl(handle, ioclt , NULL, ZERO, p_win_list, SIZE)


    for field, typ in win_list._fields_:
                #print ('%s=%d' % (field, getattr(disk_geometry, field)))
                outDict[field]=getattr(win_list,field)
    return outDict

def get_voltages():
    FUNC=0x901
    outDict={}

    ioclt=CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, FUNC, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_WRITE_ACCESS)

    handle=_CreateFile('\\\\\.\PhysicalDrive0',GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_WRITE,OPEN_EXISTING,ZERO)

    win_list = OUTPUT_volt()
    p_win_list = ctypes.pointer(win_list)
    SIZE=ctypes.sizeof(OUTPUT_volt)


    status, output = _DeviceIoControl(handle, ioclt , NULL, ZERO, p_win_list, SIZE)


    for field, typ in win_list._fields_:
                #print ('%s=%d' % (field, getattr(disk_geometry, field)))
                outDict[field]=getattr(win_list,field)
    return outDict

print(OUTPUT_temp._fields_)

輸出：

[('Board Temp', <class 'ctypes.c_ulong'>), ('CPU Temp', <class 'ctypes.c_ulong'>), ('Board Temp2', <class 'ctypes.c_ulong'>), ('temp4', <class 'ctypes.c_ulong'>), ('temp5', <class 'ctypes.c_ulong'>)]

我試過這段代碼，它有效，但它需要管理員（從這里 - https://stackoverflow.com/a/62936850/13710015 ）：

import clr # the pythonnet module.
clr.AddReference(r'YourdllPath')
from OpenHardwareMonitor.Hardware import Computer

c = Computer()
c.CPUEnabled = True # get the Info about CPU
c.GPUEnabled = True # get the Info about GPU
c.Open()
while True:
    for a in range(0, len(c.Hardware[0].Sensors)):
        # print(c.Hardware[0].Sensors[a].Identifier)
        if "/intelcpu/0/temperature" in str(c.Hardware[0].Sensors[a].Identifier):
            print(c.Hardware[0].Sensors[a].get_Value())
            c.Hardware[0].Update()

我試過這段代碼，但它也需要管理員（來自這里 - https://stackoverflow.com/a/49909330/13710015 ）：

import clr #package pythonnet, not clr


openhardwaremonitor_hwtypes = ['Mainboard','SuperIO','CPU','RAM','GpuNvidia','GpuAti','TBalancer','Heatmaster','HDD']
cputhermometer_hwtypes = ['Mainboard','SuperIO','CPU','GpuNvidia','GpuAti','TBalancer','Heatmaster','HDD']
openhardwaremonitor_sensortypes = ['Voltage','Clock','Temperature','Load','Fan','Flow','Control','Level','Factor','Power','Data','SmallData']
cputhermometer_sensortypes = ['Voltage','Clock','Temperature','Load','Fan','Flow','Control','Level']


def initialize_openhardwaremonitor():
    file = 'OpenHardwareMonitorLib.dll'
    clr.AddReference(file)

    from OpenHardwareMonitor import Hardware

    handle = Hardware.Computer()
    handle.MainboardEnabled = True
    handle.CPUEnabled = True
    handle.RAMEnabled = True
    handle.GPUEnabled = True
    handle.HDDEnabled = True
    handle.Open()
    return handle

def initialize_cputhermometer():
    file = 'CPUThermometerLib.dll'
    clr.AddReference(file)

    from CPUThermometer import Hardware
    handle = Hardware.Computer()
    handle.CPUEnabled = True
    handle.Open()
    return handle

def fetch_stats(handle):
    for i in handle.Hardware:
        i.Update()
        for sensor in i.Sensors:
            parse_sensor(sensor)
        for j in i.SubHardware:
            j.Update()
            for subsensor in j.Sensors:
                parse_sensor(subsensor)


def parse_sensor(sensor):
        if sensor.Value is not None:
            if type(sensor).__module__ == 'CPUThermometer.Hardware':
                sensortypes = cputhermometer_sensortypes
                hardwaretypes = cputhermometer_hwtypes
            elif type(sensor).__module__ == 'OpenHardwareMonitor.Hardware':
                sensortypes = openhardwaremonitor_sensortypes
                hardwaretypes = openhardwaremonitor_hwtypes
            else:
                return

            if sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Temperature'):
                print(u"%s %s Temperature Sensor #%i %s - %s\u00B0C" % (hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("OpenHardwareMonitor:")
    HardwareHandle = initialize_openhardwaremonitor()
    fetch_stats(HardwareHandle)
    print("\nCPUMonitor:")
    CPUHandle = initialize_cputhermometer()
    fetch_stats(CPUHandle)

我也很擅長將 C/C++ 擴展與 Python、便攜式命令行應用程序（將與subprocess.Popen一起運行）、DLL 和命令（將與subprocess.Popen一起運行）一起使用。

不允許使用非便攜式應用程序。

Answer 1

問題

非特權用戶需要以安全的方式訪問只有特權用戶才能使用的功能。

解決方案

創建一個服務器-客戶端接口，其中的功能與實際系統分離，以防止出現安全問題（即：不要只是直接從客戶端管道命令或選項供服務器執行）。

考慮為此服務器-客戶端接口使用 gRPC。 如果您之前沒有使用過 gRPC，這里有一個示例，說明這意味着什么：

創建一個temperature.proto ：

syntax = "proto3";

option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "temperature";
option java_outer_classname = "TemperatureProto";
option objc_class_prefix = "TEMP";

package temperature;

service SystemTemperature {
  rpc GetTemperature (TemperatureRequest) returns (TemperatureReply) {}
}

message TemperatureRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

message TemperatureReply {
  string message = 1;
}

使用protobuf庫中的protoc編譯上述內容。

python -m grpc_tools.protoc --proto_path=. temperature.proto --python_out=. --grpc_python_out=.

這將生成一個名為temperature_pb2_grpc.py的文件，您將在其中定義 GetTemperature 的功能和響應，請注意，您可以根據從客戶端傳遞的 TemperatureRequest 選項實現邏輯分支。

一旦完成簡單的寫和運行temperature_server.py從你的特權用戶， temperature_client.py從非特權用戶。

參考

gRPC： https ://grpc.io

gRPC 快速入門指南： https ://grpc.io/docs/languages/ruby/quickstart/

protobuf： https : //developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/

Answer 2

這會修改注冊表，使用風險自負。

這適用於python：

• step1：關閉防病毒保護（我不知道如何通過自動化來做到這一點）
• 步驟 2：下載此存儲庫 - https://github.com/YashMakan/get_cpu_gpu_details
• 第三步：解壓文件
• step4：打開app.py文件
• 步驟5：使用therm.py的完整路徑更改變量“file”，例如 - C:\\\\...\\\\therm.py
• app.py ：運行app.py
• 第7步：您將獲得詳細信息