使用類制作 Tkinter Gui

Question

我想在 class 中創建一個 GUI，它可以使用另一個創建框架和小部件的 class 創建頁面。 這些頁面是使用 class 為它們設置的。 我希望能夠 GUI 能夠在不同的頁面集之間切換。 我無法為 Login_page 的 class 創建一個按鈕，該按鈕將 Login_page 與 Sign_page 的 class 切換。

from tkinter import *
import random

class maingui:
    def __init__(self,title, geometry,):
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry(geometry)
        self.pageshow = Login_Page(self.root)
        self.root.mainloop()
    def changepage(self, page):
        self.page = page
        if self.page == 0:
            self.pageshow = Login_Page(self.root)
        if self.page == 1:
            self.pageshow = Sign_Page(self.root)
        self.root.mainloop()



class createWindow:
    def __init__(self,root, title, geometry,):
        self.root = root
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry(geometry)
        self.root.mainloop()
    
class createFrame:
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = Frame(self.window)
        self.frame.pack()
        print('c')
    def clear(self):
        pass
    def createlabel(self,message,postion = None):
        self.message =message
        self.postion = postion
        self.label= Label(self.frame, text =self.message)
        if self.postion == None:
            self.label.pack()
            print('a')
        else:
            print('b')
    def createbutton(self, text, command):
        self.text = text
        self.command = command
        self.button = Button(self.frame, text = self.text, command =self.command)

class Login_Page():
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello World")
        self.frame.createbutton("1",maingui.changepage(self.window,1))
class Sign_Page():
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello ")       

maingui = maingui("Rpg", "400x400") 

編輯：發生異常：AttributeError '_tkinter.tkapp' object has no attribute 'root' Online

if self.page == 1:
      self.pageshow = Sign_Page(self.root)

在這條線上

self.frame.createbutton("1",maingui.changepage(self.window,1))

我嘗試使用 class 創建一個按鈕，該命令來自不同的 class。

Answer 1

這是一個工作代碼，我還建議您在進一步移動之前閱讀和練習課程。

（注意：我沒有定義您的清除方法或添加任何新方法，我只是更正了您現有的代碼並糾正了您的錯誤。如果您願意，可以進一步定義您的清除方法並銷毀您的小部件）。

from tkinter import *
import random

class maingui:
    def __init__(self, root, title, geometry):

        self.root = root
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry(geometry)
        self.pageshow = Login_Page(self, self.root)
      
    def changepage(self, page):
        self.page = page
        
        if self.page == 0:
            self.pageshow = Login_Page(self, self.root)

        if self.page == 1:
            self.pageshow = Sign_Page(self, self.root)

class createWindow:
    def __init__(self,root, title, geometry):
        self.root = root
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry(geometry)
      
class createFrame:
    def __init__(self, parent, window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = Frame(self.window)
        self.frame.pack()
        self.label = Label(self.frame)
        self.button = Button(self.frame)
        self.parent = parent
        

    def clear(self):
        pass

    def createlabel(self,message,postion = None):
        self.message =message
        self.postion = postion
        self.label.config(text=self.message)
        
        if self.postion == None:
            self.label.pack()
        
        else:
           pass


    def createbutton(self, text='Login', cmd=0):
        self.text = text

        self.button.configure(text=self.text, command=lambda :self.parent.changepage(cmd))
        self.button.pack()

class Login_Page():
    def __init__(self, parent, window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(parent, self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello World bye")
        self.frame.createbutton("Welcome", 1)


class Sign_Page():
    def __init__(self, parent, window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(parent, self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello ")       


def main():
    root = Tk()
    maingui(root, "Rpg", "400x400")
    root.mainloop()
    
if __name__ =='__main__':
    main()

更新：這是一種您可以在頁面之間切換的方式（在我的情況下，您可以在注冊頁面和登錄頁面之間切換）。 點擊登錄，它將引導您注冊，反之亦然。

from tkinter import *
import random

class maingui:
    def __init__(self, root, title, geometry):

        self.root = root
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry(geometry)
        self.pageshow = Login_Page(self, self.root)
      
    def changepage(self, page):
        self.page = page
        
        if self.page == 0:
            #del self.pageshow
            self.pageshow = Login_Page(self, self.root)

        if self.page == 1:
            #del self.pageshow
            self.pageshow = Sign_Page(self, self.root)


class Login_Page:
    def __init__(self, parent, window):
        
        self.parent = parent
        
        self.frame = Frame(window)
        self.frame.pack()

        self.welcm_lbl = Label(self.frame, text='welcome')
        self.welcm_lbl.grid(row=0, column=1)

        self.name_lbl = Label(self.frame, text='name:')
        self.name_lbl.grid(row=1, column=0)

        self.name_entry = Entry(self.frame)
        self.name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)

        self.sbt = Button(self.frame, text='login', command=self.clicked)
        self.sbt.grid(row=2, column=1)

    def clicked(self):
        self.frame.destroy()
        self.parent.changepage(1)
        

class Sign_Page():
    def __init__(self, parent, window):

        self.parent = parent
        
        self.frame = Frame(window)
        self.frame.pack()

        self.welcm_lbl = Label(self.frame, text='welcome sign-up')
        self.welcm_lbl.grid(row=0, column=1)

        self.name_lbl = Label(self.frame, text='name:')
        self.name_lbl.grid(row=1, column=0)

        self.name_entry = Entry(self.frame)
        self.name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)

        self.sbt = Button(self.frame, text='sign-up', command=self.clicked)
        self.sbt.grid(row=2, column=1)      

    def clicked(self):
        self.frame.destroy()
        self.parent.changepage(0)
        
    
def main():
    root = Tk()
    maingui(root, "Rpg", "400x400")
    root.mainloop()
    
if __name__ =='__main__':
    main()

Answer 2

由於您將self.root的 self.root （ Tk()的實例）傳遞給maingui並將self.window Login_Page 然后在self.window class 內的maingui.changepage(self.window, 1)中Login_Page 。 由於您使用 class 名稱來訪問changepage() ， self.window將被視為changepage()的self參數並在Sign_Page(self.root)中使用。 這意味着您想訪問self的屬性root （ Tk()的實例）但Tk沒有屬性root 。

建議從Tk制作maingui interit 而不是在__init__()中創建它。

以下是基於您的更新示例：

from tkinter import *
#import random

class maingui(Tk):
    def __init__(self, title, geometry):
        super().__init__()
        self.title(title)
        self.geometry(geometry)
        self.pageshow = Login_Page(self)
    def changepage(self, page):
        self.page = page
        if self.page == 0:
            self.pageshow = Login_Page(self)
        if self.page == 1:
            self.pageshow = Sign_Page(self)

class createFrame:
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = Frame(self.window)
        self.frame.pack()
        print('c')
    def clear(self):
        pass
    def createlabel(self,message,postion = None):
        self.message =message
        self.postion = postion
        self.label= Label(self.frame, text =self.message)
        if self.postion == None:
            self.label.pack()
            print('a')
        else:
            print('b')
    def createbutton(self, text, command):
        self.text = text
        self.command = command
        self.button = Button(self.frame, text = self.text, command =self.command)
        self.button.pack() ###

class Login_Page():
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello World")
        ###self.frame.createbutton("1", maingui.changepage(self.window, 1)) ###
        self.frame.createbutton("1", lambda: self.window.changepage(1)) ###

class Sign_Page():
    def __init__(self,window):
        self.window = window
        self.frame = createFrame(self.window)
        self.frame.createlabel("Hello ")       

maingui = maingui("Rpg", "400x400") 
maingui.mainloop()