SQL - 多行到列 - Pivot？ 交叉表？

Question

我有一個包含以下結果的表（來自 SQL 查詢）

ID	類型	評論
12345	經理評論	這是經理評論
12345	人力資源評論	這是HR評論
12345	人力資源評論	這是另一個 HR 評論
54321	經理評論	這是經理評論
54321	經理評論	這是另一個經理評論
54321	經理評論	這也是經理的另一條評論

我試圖讓 output 看起來像這樣：

ID	經理評論 1	經理評論 2	經理評論 3	人力資源評論 1	人力資源評論 2
12345	這是HR評論			這是HR評論	這是另一個人力資源評論
54321	這是經理評論	這是另一個經理評論	這也是經理的另一條評論

此評論數可以在 0 到 5 之間變化。

我嘗試了以下方法，但它僅適用於每個部分的最新評論：

SELECT *
FROM
(
    SELECT
        A.[SHIFTASSIGNID] as 'ID'
        ,c.[COMMENTTEXT] as 'Comment Type'
        ,b.COMNTNOTETXT as 'Comment'

      FROM [tkcsdb].[dbo].[SHFTASGNCOMNTMM] A 
      join [tkcsdb].[dbo].[COMNTNOTEDTL] B on
      a.[COMNTNOTEID] = b.[COMNTNOTEID]

      join [tkcsdb].[dbo].[COMMENTS] C
      on c.commentID = a.commentID
        where A.SHIFTASSIGNID = 7354246
) AS SourceTable PIVOT(max([Comment]) FOR [Type] IN([HR Notes],[Manager Notes], [Kommentar])) AS PivotTable;

顯然它不會容納多條評論，我現在已經花了大約 3 個小時在這上面，所以任何幫助都將不勝感激。

謝謝克里斯

Answer 1

請參閱最后的工作sql-server示例。 在示例中，我給評論一個日期，以便可以對它們進行相應的排序。

我在做什么：

我正在為每個評論文本添加一個行號，以便Manager Comment成為Manager Comment 1或Manager Comment 2 ，具體取決於行號。

然后，由於我們知道每種類型最多有五個評論，我們可以簡單地在PIVOT中詢問所有評論

SELECT
  *
FROM (
  SELECT
    A.[SHIFTASSIGNID] AS 'ID'
   ,C.[COMMENTTEXT] + ' ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY A.[SHIFTASSIGNID], C.[COMMENTTEXT] ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))) AS 'Comment Type'
   ,B.COMNTNOTETXT    AS 'Comment'

  FROM [tkcsdb].[dbo].[SHFTASGNCOMNTMM] A
  JOIN [tkcsdb].[dbo].[COMNTNOTEDTL] B
    ON A.[COMNTNOTEID] = B.[COMNTNOTEID]

  JOIN [tkcsdb].[dbo].[COMMENTS] C
    ON C.commentID = A.commentID
  WHERE
    A.SHIFTASSIGNID = 7354246
) AS SourceTable PIVOT (MAX([Comment]) FOR [Comment Type] IN ([Manager Comment 1], [Manager Comment 2], [Manager Comment 3], [Manager Comment 4], [Manager Comment 5], 
                                                      [HR Comment 1], [HR Comment 2], [HR Comment 3], [HR Comment 4], [HR Comment 5])) AS PivotTable;

工作示例：

SELECT
  12345                       AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment'           AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01') AS 'Date'
INTO #COMMENTS
UNION ALL
SELECT
  12345                       AS 'ID'
 ,'HR Comment'                AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a HR comment'      AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2020-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  12345                        AS 'ID'
 ,'HR Comment'                 AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another HR comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01')  AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321                       AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment'           AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321                             AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment'                 AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2020-01-01')       AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321                                    AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment'                        AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another Manager comment aswell' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2019-01-01')              AS 'Date';



SELECT
  *
FROM (
  SELECT
    #COMMENTS.ID      AS 'ID'
   ,#COMMENTS.type + ' ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY #COMMENTS.ID, #COMMENTS.type ORDER BY #COMMENTS.DATE ASC)) AS 'Comment Type'
   ,#COMMENTS.Comment AS 'Comment'

  FROM #COMMENTS
) AS SourceTable PIVOT (MAX([Comment]) FOR [Comment Type] IN ([Manager Comment 1], [Manager Comment 2], [Manager Comment 3], [Manager Comment 4], [Manager Comment 5],
[HR Comment 1], [HR Comment 2], [HR Comment 3], [HR Comment 4], [HR Comment 5])) AS PivotTable;



DROP TABLE #COMMENTS

Answer 2

我的其他答案只有在您知道或想要限制評論欄的數量時才有效。 通過這個答案，我將演示如何針對任意數量的評論執行此操作。

為此，您必須動態創建列標題並使用EXEC()將PIVOT查詢作為字符串執行

SELECT
  12345 AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01') AS 'Date' INTO Comments
UNION ALL
SELECT
  12345 AS 'ID'
 ,'HR Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a HR comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2020-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  12345 AS 'ID'
 ,'HR Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another HR comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321 AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is a Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2021-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321 AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another Manager comment' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2020-01-01') AS 'Date'
UNION ALL
SELECT
  54321 AS 'ID'
 ,'Manager Comment' AS 'Type'
 ,'This is another Manager comment aswell' AS 'Comment'
 ,CONVERT(DATE, '2019-01-01') AS 'Date';

DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'SELECT *
FROM (SELECT
    Comments.id AS ID
   ,Comments.type + SPACE(1) + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Comments.id, Comments.type ORDER BY Comments.DATE ASC)) AS CommentType
   ,Comments.Comment AS Comment

  FROM Comments) AS SourceTable PIVOT (MAX([Comment]) FOR [CommentType] IN (##COLUMNS##)) AS PivotTable;';


WITH COMMENTS1 AS
(
SELECT
Comments.id AS ID
 ,Comments.type + SPACE(1) + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Comments.id, Comments.type ORDER BY Comments.DATE ASC)) AS CommentType
 ,Comments.Comment AS Comment

FROM Comments
),
DISTINCT_COMMENTS AS
(
  SELECT DISTINCT CommentType
  FROM COMMENTS1
)
SELECT
@COLS = STRING_AGG('[' + DISTINCT_COMMENTS.CommentType + ']', ',')
FROM DISTINCT_COMMENTS;

SET @SQL = REPLACE(@SQL, '##COLUMNS##', @COLS);

EXEC(@SQL);