Selenium 無頭模式使用 AjaxElementLocatorFactory 的少數測試因 NoSuchElementException 而失敗

Question

我有一些測試，如果我沒有無頭地運行它，並且如果無頭模式在引導下運行我的測試，那么一些測試就會失敗，但無法定位元素。 遇到這種情況怎么辦

窗口大小有多大也有關系嗎？ 目前我有以下內容，但我想如果他們通過希望這樣的窗口大小沒有無頭為什么有些會失敗無頭

@BeforeEach
public void setUp() {
    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
    driver = new ChromeDriver(new ChromeOptions()
            .addArguments("start-maximized")
            .addArguments("--disable-popup-blocking")
            .addArguments("--headless"));
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    loginToEnvironment();
}

在無頭模式下，某些元素未定位

由 PageFactory.init 完成的元素初始化

public class BasePage {

    public WebDriver driver;
    protected Wait wait;

    public BasePage(WebDriver driver) {
        initializePage(driver);
        this.wait = new Wait(driver);
    }

    final protected void initializePage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(new AjaxElementLocatorFactory(driver, 20), this);
    }
}

注冊測試

@Test
    public void shouldSignUpSuccessfully() {
        signUpModal.signUp((SignUp) credentials)
                .getCountryModalInstance()
                .chooseCountry(((SignUp) credentials).getCountry())
                .clickOnSaveButton();
        assertTrue(homePage.getMyAccountName().getText().isEmpty());
    }

堆棧跟蹤：

Timed out after 20 seconds. Unable to locate the element
org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Timed out after 20 seconds. Unable to locate the element
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.AjaxElementLocator.findElement(AjaxElementLocator.java:99)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.internal.LocatingElementHandler.invoke(LocatingElementHandler.java:38)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy17.getText(Unknown Source)
    at com.opngo.nowos.selenium.SignUpServiceTest.shouldSignUpSuccessfully(SignUpServiceTest.java:50)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:628)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:117)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:184)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:180)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:127)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService$ExclusiveTask.compute(ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:171)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:115)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService$ExclusiveTask.compute(ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:171)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:115)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService$ExclusiveTask.compute(ForkJoinPoolHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:171)
    at java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction.exec(RecursiveAction.java:189)
    at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
    at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
    at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
    at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:175)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".user-name"}
  (Session info: headless chrome=95.0.4638.69)
For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'MacBook-Pro-3.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:869:afaa:89ee:2f42%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.15.7', java.version: '1.8.0_302'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 95.0.4638.69, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 95.0.4638.54 (d31a821ec901f..., userDataDir: /var/folders/fy/4f9mrb0n1fq...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:62396}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: MAC, platformName: MAC, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:credBlob: true, webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: 968cb69072e7bbe6a92b2822d8ad26ee
*** Element info: {Using=css selector, value=.user-name}
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:323)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByCssSelector(RemoteWebDriver.java:420)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByCssSelector.findElement(By.java:431)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:315)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.AjaxElementLocator.access$001(AjaxElementLocator.java:39)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.AjaxElementLocator$SlowLoadingElement.isLoaded(AjaxElementLocator.java:165)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.SlowLoadableComponent.get(SlowLoadableComponent.java:72)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.AjaxElementLocator.findElement(AjaxElementLocator.java:95)
    ... 48 more

Answer 1

對於這個 css 選擇器：

.user-name

如果我們在HTML DOM是否有唯一條目，請檢查dev tools （谷歌瀏覽器）。

你應該檢查的css：

.user-name

檢查步驟：

Press F12 in Chrome -> 轉到element部分 -> 執行CTRL + F -> 然后粘貼css並查看您想要的element是否被1/1匹配節點突出顯示。

如果我們有 1/1 匹配節點，請確保：

1. 此 Web 元素不在 iframe 下。
2. 此 Web 元素不在影子根目錄下。
3. 您不應該在 selenium 啟動的新選項卡/窗口上。

如果它屬於上述任何類別，您將不得不處理該特定場景。

Answer 2

AjaxElementLocatorFactory

AjaxElementLocatorFactory是頁面工廠模式中的延遲加載概念，用於僅在任何操作中使用 WebElement 時識別它們，即可以在 AjaxElementLocatorFactory 的幫助下將 WebElement 的超時分配給 Object 頁面類。

所以理想情況下，您需要刪除隱式等待：

警告：不要混合隱式和顯式等待。 這樣做可能會導致不可預測的等待時間。 例如，設置 10 秒的隱式等待和 15 秒的顯式等待可能會導致在 20 秒后發生超時。

---

NoSuchElementException表示未找到元素。

要定位元素，您可以使用以下任一定位器策略：

• 使用css_selector ：

   div.header-menu-item > div.header-menu-name span.user-name

• 使用xpath ：

   //div[@class='header-menu-item']/div[@class='header-menu-item']//span[@class='user-name']