[英]Partial template specialization using nested (undefined yet) type of a forward-declared class
有一種方法可以為前向聲明(不完整)類型( answer )進行部分模板特化。 但是在看到提到的問題之后,我想知道是否可以使用不完整的嵌套(可能是私有)類為類模板定義部分特化。
在 C++ 中,目前無法在不定義類的情況下前向聲明嵌套類:
class undefined;
class undefined::foo; // impossibru
通過一些技巧,我制作了一個工作代碼(為了研究): https ://godbolt.org/z/9W8nfhx8P
#include <iostream>
template <typename T, typename = T>
struct specialize;
// workaround to get to a nested foo
template <typename T, typename...>
struct mem_foo
{
// error: 'struct undefined::foo' is private within this context
using type = typename T::foo;
};
class undefined;
// class undefined::foo; // impossibru
template <typename MemFoo>
struct specialize<typename mem_foo<undefined, MemFoo>::type, MemFoo>
{
void operator()(const MemFoo &f) const
{
// this will compile however
std::cout << f.name << std::endl;
}
};
#include <string>
class undefined
{
private: // will not compile without friend
struct foo{
std::string name = "John Cena";
};
friend struct mem_foo<undefined, foo>; // ugly
// friend struct specialize<foo>; // this is irrelevant, but would be nicer than mem_foo
public:
static foo get() { return {}; }
};
int main()
{
specialize</*undefined::foo*/decltype(undefined::get())>{}(undefined::get());
return 0;
}
但是對於private
類型,使用了一個丑陋的朋友。 friend struct specialize<undefined::foo>;
在語義上會更具吸引力。
還有其他或更優雅的解決方案嗎?
一個更優雅/不那么復雜的解決方案: https ://godbolt.org/z/3vrfPWP5f
#include <iostream>
template <typename T, typename = T>
struct specialize;
template <typename T, typename ...>
struct defer_instantiation
{
using type = T;
};
template <typename T, typename ... R>
using defer_instantiation_t = typename defer_instantiation<T, R...>::type;
class undefined;
// class undefined::foo; // impossibru
template <typename MemFoo>
struct specialize<typename defer_instantiation_t<undefined, MemFoo>::foo, MemFoo>
{
void operator()(const MemFoo &f) const
{
// this will compile however
std::cout << f.name << std::endl;
}
};
#include <string>
class undefined
{
private:
struct foo{
std::string name = "John Cena";
};
friend struct specialize<foo>; // this is irrelevant, but would be nicer than mem_foo
public:
static foo get() { return {}; }
};
int main()
{
specialize</*undefined::foo*/decltype(undefined::get())>{}(undefined::get());
return 0;
}
它允許通過延遲模板實例化引用尚未完成的類的不存在的成員類型。
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