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Rust 索引特征邊界中的類型注釋錯誤

[英]Rust Type annotation Error in Index trait bounding

我正在嘗試使用下面的代碼實現矩陣數據結構,

use std::ops::{Add, Index, IndexMut};
use num::{One, Zero};

type Idx2<'a> = &'a [usize];


pub trait MatrixTrait {
    fn zeros(shape: Idx2) -> Self;
    fn ones(shape: Idx2) -> Self;
}


#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Dense2DArray<T> {
    data: Vec<T>,
    shape: Vec<usize>,
}


impl <T> MatrixTrait for Dense2DArray<T>
    where
        T: Zero + One + Clone,
{
    fn zeros(shape: Idx2) -> Self {
        let data = vec![T::zero(); shape[0] * shape[1]];
        Self { data, shape: shape.to_vec() }
    }

    fn ones(shape: Idx2) -> Self {
        let data = vec![T::one(); shape[0] * shape[1]];
        Self { data, shape: shape.to_vec() }
    }
}


impl <T> Index<Idx2<'_>> for Dense2DArray<T> {
    type Output = T;

    fn index(&self, index: Idx2) -> &T {
        &self.data[index[0] * self.shape[1] + index[1]]
    }
}


impl <T> IndexMut<Idx2<'_>> for Dense2DArray<T> {
    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: Idx2) -> &mut T {
        &mut self.data[index[0] * self.shape[1] + index[1]]
    }
}


pub fn create_and_add_generic_matrix <'a, 'b, M, T> (a0: M) -> M
    where
        T: One + Add<Output=T> + Copy,
        M: MatrixTrait + Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + IndexMut<Idx2<'b>>,
{
    let nx = 3; let ny = 2;
    let mut a1 = M::zeros(&[nx, ny]);

    for i in 0..nx {
        for j in 0..ny {
            a1[[i, j]] = a0[[i, j]] + T::one() + T::one();
        }
    }

    a1
}


fn main() {

    let nx = 3; let ny = 2;

    let a0 = Dense2DArray::<f64>::ones(&[nx, ny]);

    let b = create_and_add_generic_matrix(a0);

    println!("{:?}", b);
}

但我總是得到錯誤:

error[E0283]: type annotations needed
  --> linalg\src\matrices\mod.rs:56:26
   |
56 |         M: MatrixTrait + Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + IndexMut<Idx2<'b>>,
   |                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot infer type for type parameter `M`
   |
   = note: cannot satisfy `M: Index<&'a [usize]>`

奇怪的是,或者可能不是,如果我將類型更改為(並對代碼執行所需的更改,例如刪除生命周期):

type Idx2 = [usize; 2];

它可以正常工作,但我僅限於二維矩陣。

我不明白為什么執行索引方式的變化會影響M的類型注釋,也不應該如何解決這個問題? 誰能幫我理解發生了什么?

謝謝。

此界限表示M必須為某些特定的調用者指定的生命周期'a實現Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> ,但您真正想要的是說它必須在任何可能的生命周期'a中實現此特征。

你需要一個更高等級的 trait bound

pub fn create_and_add_generic_matrix<M, T> (a0: M) -> M
where
    T: One + Add<Output=T> + Copy,
    M: MatrixTrait + for<'a> Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + for<'a> IndexMut<Idx2<'a>>,

請注意,您還必須在for循環中借用索引表達式,因為數組不是切片:

a1[&[i, j]] = a0[&[i, j]] + T::one() + T::one();

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