[英]Rust Type annotation Error in Index trait bounding
I am trying to implement a matrix data structure using the code below,我正在尝试使用下面的代码实现矩阵数据结构,
use std::ops::{Add, Index, IndexMut};
use num::{One, Zero};
type Idx2<'a> = &'a [usize];
pub trait MatrixTrait {
fn zeros(shape: Idx2) -> Self;
fn ones(shape: Idx2) -> Self;
}
#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Dense2DArray<T> {
data: Vec<T>,
shape: Vec<usize>,
}
impl <T> MatrixTrait for Dense2DArray<T>
where
T: Zero + One + Clone,
{
fn zeros(shape: Idx2) -> Self {
let data = vec![T::zero(); shape[0] * shape[1]];
Self { data, shape: shape.to_vec() }
}
fn ones(shape: Idx2) -> Self {
let data = vec![T::one(); shape[0] * shape[1]];
Self { data, shape: shape.to_vec() }
}
}
impl <T> Index<Idx2<'_>> for Dense2DArray<T> {
type Output = T;
fn index(&self, index: Idx2) -> &T {
&self.data[index[0] * self.shape[1] + index[1]]
}
}
impl <T> IndexMut<Idx2<'_>> for Dense2DArray<T> {
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: Idx2) -> &mut T {
&mut self.data[index[0] * self.shape[1] + index[1]]
}
}
pub fn create_and_add_generic_matrix <'a, 'b, M, T> (a0: M) -> M
where
T: One + Add<Output=T> + Copy,
M: MatrixTrait + Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + IndexMut<Idx2<'b>>,
{
let nx = 3; let ny = 2;
let mut a1 = M::zeros(&[nx, ny]);
for i in 0..nx {
for j in 0..ny {
a1[[i, j]] = a0[[i, j]] + T::one() + T::one();
}
}
a1
}
fn main() {
let nx = 3; let ny = 2;
let a0 = Dense2DArray::<f64>::ones(&[nx, ny]);
let b = create_and_add_generic_matrix(a0);
println!("{:?}", b);
}
but I always get the error:但我总是得到错误:
error[E0283]: type annotations needed
--> linalg\src\matrices\mod.rs:56:26
|
56 | M: MatrixTrait + Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + IndexMut<Idx2<'b>>,
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot infer type for type parameter `M`
|
= note: cannot satisfy `M: Index<&'a [usize]>`
strangely, or maybe not, if I change the type to (and perform the required changes to the code such as removing the lifetimes):奇怪的是,或者可能不是,如果我将类型更改为(并对代码执行所需的更改,例如删除生命周期):
type Idx2 = [usize; 2];
it works without problems, but I get restricted to 2D matrices.它可以正常工作,但我仅限于二维矩阵。
I can't understand why the change in the way indexing is performed affects the type annotation of M
, nor how should I resolve the issue??我不明白为什么执行索引方式的变化会影响M
的类型注释,也不应该如何解决这个问题? Can anyone please help me understand what is happening?谁能帮我理解发生了什么?
Thanks.谢谢。
This bound says that M
must implement Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T>
for some specific caller-specified lifetime 'a
, but what you actually want is to say that it must implement this trait for any possible lifetime 'a
.此界限表示M
必须为某些特定的调用者指定的生命周期'a
实现Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T>
,但您真正想要的是说它必须在任何可能的生命周期'a
中实现此特征。
You need a higher-rank trait bound :你需要一个更高等级的 trait bound :
pub fn create_and_add_generic_matrix<M, T> (a0: M) -> M
where
T: One + Add<Output=T> + Copy,
M: MatrixTrait + for<'a> Index<Idx2<'a>, Output = T> + for<'a> IndexMut<Idx2<'a>>,
Note that you also have to borrow the index expression in your for
loop, because an array isn't a slice:请注意,您还必须在for
循环中借用索引表达式,因为数组不是切片:
a1[&[i, j]] = a0[&[i, j]] + T::one() + T::one();
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