SQL Server：比較兩個表中的列

Question

我最近完成了從某個應用程序的舊版本遷移到當前版本的遷移，並且在遷移數據庫時遇到了一些問題。

我需要一個查詢來幫助我比較兩個表中的列。 我的意思不是行中的數據，我需要比較列本身以找出我錯過了表結構的哪些變化。

Answer 1

看看紅門 SQL 比較

否則這里是一個開始（對於 sql server）

select 
 so.name as [table],
 sc.name as [column],
 sc.type, sc.length, sc.prec, sc.scale, sc.collation
from 
 sysobjects so
 inner join syscolumns sc ON so.id = sc.id

where so.type='u'

order by so.name, sc.colorder

你可以看看

 - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
 - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
 - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
 - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
 - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE

如果你想更深入，表格..

[更新]

使用 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表

SELECT
 [table].TABLE_NAME AS [Table_Name],
 [column].COLUMN_NAME AS [Column_Name],
 COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id([table].[TABLE_NAME]), [column].[COLUMN_NAME], 'IsIdentity') AS [identity],
 [column].DATA_TYPE AS [datatype],
 [column].CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS [Character_Length],
 [column].NUMERIC_PRECISION AS Numeric_precision,
 [column].ORDINAL_POSITION AS [order],
 [column].COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [defaultvalue],
 [column].IS_NULLABLE AS [nullable]
FROM 
 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES [table] INNER JOIN 
 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS [column] ON [table].TABLE_NAME = [column].TABLE_NAME
WHERE
 [table].TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
 AND [table].TABLE_NAME <> 'sysdiagrams'
ORDER BY 
 [table].TABLE_NAME ASC, 
 [column].ORDINAL_POSITION ASC

Answer 2

我真的建議您使用第三方比較工具，例如上面已經提到的 SQL Compare 或ApexSQL Diff或基本上市場上的任何其他工具。

即使這些是商業工具，如果您真的不需要每天都這樣做，您也可以獲得免費試用並完成工作。

如果您真的需要為此使用 SQL，您可以嘗試像這樣非常簡單的查詢，然后在此基礎上進行構建。

select T.name, C.*
from sys.tables T
inner join sys.columns C on T.object_id = C.object_id
where T.name = 'table_name'

Answer 3

這對我有用（有同樣的問題，只是編譯了我的解決方案）

DECLARE @TableOne VARCHAR(2048) = '',
        @TableTwo VARCHAR(2048) = ''

-- In TableOne but not in TableTwo
SELECT DISTINCT
       @TableOne AS [First table],
       '>>' AS Dir, --Direction
       @TableTwo AS [Second table],
       a.COLUMN_NAME,
       a.DATA_TYPE         
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS a
 WHERE a.COLUMN_NAME NOT IN (SELECT COLUMN_NAME
                               FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS b
                              WHERE b.TABLE_NAME = @TableTwo)
   AND a.TABLE_NAME = @TableOne
UNION ALL
-- In TableTwo but not in TableOne
SELECT DISTINCT
       @TableOne AS [First table],
       '<<' AS Dir, --Direction
       @TableTwo AS [Second table],
       a.COLUMN_NAME,
       a.DATA_TYPE         
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS a
 WHERE a.COLUMN_NAME NOT IN (SELECT COLUMN_NAME
                               FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS b
                              WHERE b.TABLE_NAME = @TableOne)
   AND a.TABLE_NAME = @TableTwo
 ORDER BY Dir DESC, COLUMN_NAME ASC

只需為@TableOne 和@TableTwo 設置值並運行腳本；)

Answer 4

真的，這是一個大劇本。 :)

使用紅門 sql 比較。 他們為您提供 14 天免費試用

如果你真的需要腳本，它可以是一個文本，然后你可以使用任何文本比較器來比較兩者。

Answer 5

我發現 Qcpbraca 的解決方案最符合我的要求，但至少對我而言，感覺在視覺上查看結果並知道缺少哪一列有點困難。 我也經常有列名匹配但數據類型不匹配，所以我也將它添加到下面的代碼中。

以下腳本擴展了 Qcpbraca 的腳本，因此如果您發現這對投票有幫助，請考慮對 Qcpbraca 的回答進行投票。

DECLARE @Table1 VARCHAR(2048) = 'Table_1',
        @Table2 VARCHAR(2048) = 'Table_2'

-- Table 1 Columns into #temp_table_1
SELECT DISTINCT
       a.COLUMN_NAME AS [Column Name],
       a.DATA_TYPE as [Data Type],
       a.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
       a.NUMERIC_PRECISION,
       a.NUMERIC_SCALE
into #temp_table1
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS a
where a.TABLE_NAME = @Table1
order by a.COLUMN_NAME

-- Table 2 Columns into #temp_table_2
SELECT DISTINCT
       a.COLUMN_NAME AS [Column Name],
       a.DATA_TYPE as [Data Type],
       a.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
       a.NUMERIC_PRECISION,
       a.NUMERIC_SCALE
into #temp_table2
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS a
where a.TABLE_NAME = @Table2
order by a.COLUMN_NAME

select 
    @Table1 [Table 1],
    isnull(t1.[Column Name],'') [Table 1 Column Name],
    isnull(t2.[Column Name],'') [Table 2 Column Name],
    @Table2 [Table 2],
    isnull(t1.[Data Type],'') [Table 1 Column Type],
    isnull(t2.[Data Type],'') [Table 2 Column Type],
    isnull(cast(t1.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as varchar(50)),isnull(cast(t1.NUMERIC_PRECISION as varchar(50)),'') + ',' +
        isnull(cast(t1.NUMERIC_SCALE as varchar(50)),'')) [Table 1 Column Precision],
    isnull(cast(t2.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as varchar(50)),isnull(cast(t2.NUMERIC_PRECISION as varchar(50)),'') + ',' +
        isnull(cast(t2.NUMERIC_SCALE as varchar(50)),'')) [Table 2 Column Precision],
    --[Data Type Warning]
        case when isnull(t1.[Column Name],'') = isnull(t2.[Column Name],'') 
                and (
                     isnull(t1.[Data Type],'') <> isnull(t2.[Data Type],'')
                     or
                     isnull(cast(t1.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as varchar(50)),isnull(cast(t1.NUMERIC_PRECISION as varchar(50)),'') + ',' +
                            isnull(cast(t1.NUMERIC_SCALE as varchar(50)),''))
                        <> 
                     isnull(cast(t2.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as varchar(50)),isnull(cast(t2.NUMERIC_PRECISION as varchar(50)),'') + ',' +
                            isnull(cast(t2.NUMERIC_SCALE as varchar(50)),''))
                     )
            then '*** Data Type Mismatch ***' else '' end 
    [Data Type Warning]
from #temp_table1 t1 
    full outer join #temp_table2 t2 on t1.[Column Name] = t2.[Column Name]
where 1=1

drop table #temp_table1, #temp_table2
go

這是一個示例結果集：