使用DataContractJsonSerializer將數組值反序列化為.NET屬性

Question

我正在使用Silverlight 4中的DataContractJsonSerializer，並希望反序列化以下JSON：

{
    "collectionname":"Books",
    "collectionitems": [
            ["12345-67890",201,
             "Book One"],
            ["09876-54321",45,
             "Book Two"]
        ]
}

進入以下類：

class BookCollection
{
  public string collectionname { get; set; }
  public List<Book> collectionitems { get; set; }
}

class Book
{
  public string Id { get; set; }
  public int NumberOfPages { get; set; }
  public string Title { get; set; }
}

擴展DataContractJsonSerializer以將“collectionitems”中未命名的第一個數組元素映射到Book類的Id屬性，NumberOfPages屬性的第二個元素和Title的最終元素是什么？ 我無法控制此實例中的JSON生成，並希望該解決方案能夠與.NET的Silverlight子集一起使用。 如果解決方案也可以執行相反的序列化，那將是很好的。

Answer 1

如果這不是Silverlight，您可以使用IDataContractSurrogate在序列化/反序列化時使用object[] （JSON中實際存在的內容）而不是Book 。 遺憾的是，在Silverlight中沒有IDataContractSurrogate （以及使用它的DataContractJsonSerializer構造函數的重載）。

在Silverlight上，這是一個hacky但簡單的解決方法。 從一個imlpements ICollection<object>的類型派生Book類。 由於序列化JSON中的類型是object[] ，因此框架將盡職地將其序列化為您的ICollection<object> ，然后您可以使用您的屬性進行包裝。

最簡單（也是最hack）只是從List<object>派生而來。 這種簡單的黑客行為有一個缺點，即用戶可以修改基礎列表數據並弄亂您的屬性。 如果您是此代碼的唯一用戶，那可能沒問題。 通過更多工作，您可以滾動自己的ICollection實現，並且只允許運行序列化工作的足夠方法，並為其余部分拋出異常。 我在下面列出了兩種方法的代碼示例。

如果上面的黑客對你來說太難看了，我相信有更優雅的方法可以解決這個問題。 您可能希望將注意力集中在為collectionitems屬性創建自定義集合類型而不是List<Book> 。 此類型可以包含List<object[]>類型的字段（這是JSON中的實際類型），您可以說服序列化程序填充該字段。 然后，您的IList實現可以將該數據挖掘到實際的Book實例中。

另一行調查可能會嘗試進行轉換。例如，您可以在Book和string[]之間實現隱式類型轉換，並且序列化是否足夠智能以使用它？ 我對此表示懷疑，但值得一試。

無論如何，這里是上面提到的從ICollection導入的代碼示例。 警告：我還沒有在Silverlight上驗證這些，但他們應該只使用Silverlight可訪問的類型，所以我認為（手指交叉！）它應該工作正常。

簡單，Hackier示例

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.IO;

[DataContract]
class BookCollection
{
    [DataMember(Order=1)]
    public string collectionname { get; set; }

    [DataMember(Order = 2)]
    public List<Book> collectionitems { get; set; }
}

[CollectionDataContract]
class Book : List<object>
{
    public string Id { get { return (string)this[0]; } set { this[0] = value; } }
    public int NumberOfPages { get { return (int)this[1]; } set { this[1] = value; } }
    public string Title { get { return (string)this[2]; } set { this[2] = value; } }

}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BookCollection));
        string json = "{"
                    + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\","
                    + "\"collectionitems\": [ "
                            + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"],"
                            + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]"
                        + "]"
                    + "}";

        using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json)))
        {
            BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection;
            using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream())
            {
                ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj);
                string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0,  (int)ms2.Length);
            }
        }
    }
}

更難，更少hacky樣本

這是第二個示例，顯示ICollection的手動實現，它阻止用戶訪問集合 - 它支持調用Add() 3次（在反序列化期間），但不允許通過ICollection<T>進行修改。 使用顯式接口實現公開ICollection方法，並且這些方法有一些屬性可以將它們隱藏在智能感知中，這應該會進一步降低黑客因子。 但是你可以看到這是更多的代碼。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.ComponentModel;

[DataContract]
class BookCollection
{
    [DataMember(Order=1)]
    public string collectionname { get; set; }

    [DataMember(Order = 2)]
    public List<Book> collectionitems { get; set; }
}

[CollectionDataContract]
class Book : ICollection<object>
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfPages { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }

    // code below here is only used for serialization/deserialization

    // keeps track of how many properties have been initialized
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    private int counter = 0;

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    public void Add(object item)
    {
        switch (++counter)
        {
            case 1:
                Id = (string)item;
                break;
            case 2:
                NumberOfPages = (int)item;
                break;
            case 3:
                Title = (string)item;
                break;
            default:
                throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
    }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    IEnumerator<object> System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object>.GetEnumerator() 
    {
        return new List<object> { Id, NumberOfPages, Title }.GetEnumerator();
    }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() 
    {
        return new object[] { Id, NumberOfPages, Title }.GetEnumerator();
    }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    int System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.Count 
    { 
        get { return 3; } 
    }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.IsReadOnly 
    { get { throw new NotSupportedException(); } }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    void System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.Clear() 
    { throw new NotSupportedException(); }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.Contains(object item) 
    { throw new NotSupportedException(); }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    void System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.CopyTo(object[] array, int arrayIndex) 
    { throw new NotSupportedException(); }

    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<object>.Remove(object item) 
    { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BookCollection));
        string json = "{"
                    + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\","
                    + "\"collectionitems\": [ "
                            + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"],"
                            + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]"
                        + "]"
                    + "}";

        using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json)))
        {
            BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection;
            using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream())
            {
                ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj);
                string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0,  (int)ms2.Length);
            }
        }
    }
}

---

順便說一句，我第一次閱讀你的問題時，我跳過了重要的Silverlight要求。 哎呀！ 無論如何，如果不使用Silverlight，這就是我為這種情況編寫的解決方案 - 它更容易，我也可以將它保存在以后的任何Google員工中。

你正在尋找的（在常規的.NET框架上，而不是Silverlight上）魔術是IDataContractSurrogate 。 如果要在序列化/反序列化時將一種類型替換為另一種類型，請實現此接口。 在你的情況下，你想用object[]代替Book 。

以下是一些顯示其工作原理的代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

[DataContract]
class BookCollection
{
    [DataMember(Order=1)]
    public string collectionname { get; set; }

    [DataMember(Order = 2)]
    public List<Book> collectionitems { get; set; }
}

class Book 
{ 
  public string Id { get; set; } 
  public int NumberOfPages { get; set; } 
  public string Title { get; set; } 
} 

// A type surrogate substitutes object[] for Book when serializing/deserializing.
class BookTypeSurrogate : IDataContractSurrogate
{
    public Type GetDataContractType(Type type)
    {
        // "Book" will be serialized as an object array
        // This method is called during serialization, deserialization, and schema export. 
        if (typeof(Book).IsAssignableFrom(type))
        {
            return typeof(object[]);
        }
        return type;
    }
    public object GetObjectToSerialize(object obj, Type targetType)
    {
        // This method is called on serialization.
        if (obj is Book)
        {
            Book book = (Book) obj;
            return new object[] { book.Id, book.NumberOfPages, book.Title };
        }
        return obj;
    }
    public object GetDeserializedObject(object obj, Type targetType)
    {
        // This method is called on deserialization.
        if (obj is object[])
        {
            object[] arr = (object[])obj;
            Book book = new Book { Id = (string)arr[0], NumberOfPages = (int)arr[1], Title = (string)arr[2] };
            return book;
        }
        return obj;
    }
    public Type GetReferencedTypeOnImport(string typeName, string typeNamespace, object customData)
    {
        return null; // not used
    }
    public System.CodeDom.CodeTypeDeclaration ProcessImportedType(System.CodeDom.CodeTypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, System.CodeDom.CodeCompileUnit compileUnit)
    {
        return typeDeclaration; // Not used
    }
    public object GetCustomDataToExport(Type clrType, Type dataContractType)
    {
        return null; // not used
    }
    public object GetCustomDataToExport(System.Reflection.MemberInfo memberInfo, Type dataContractType)
    {
        return null; // not used
    }
    public void GetKnownCustomDataTypes(Collection<Type> customDataTypes)
    {
        return; // not used
    }
}


class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        DataContractJsonSerializer ser  =
            new DataContractJsonSerializer(
                typeof(BookCollection), 
                new List<Type>(),        /* knownTypes */
                int.MaxValue,            /* maxItemsInObjectGraph */ 
                false,                   /* ignoreExtensionDataObject */
                new BookTypeSurrogate(),  /* dataContractSurrogate */
                false                    /* alwaysEmitTypeInformation */
                );
        string json = "{"
                    + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\","
                    + "\"collectionitems\": [ "
                            + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"],"
                            + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]"
                        + "]"
                    + "}";

        using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json)))
        {
            BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection;
            using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream())
            {
                ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj);
                string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0,  (int)ms2.Length);
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

我覺得你的問題非常有趣。 所以我必須花時間試圖解決問題。 目前我收到了一個可以序列化和去除JSON數據的示例，如下所示：

{
  "collectionname":"Books",
  "collectionitems":[
    {"book":["12345-67890",201,"Book One"]},
    {"book":["09876-54321",45,"Book Two"]}
  ]
}

小型控制台應用程序的相應代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Security.Permissions;

namespace DataContractJsonSerializer {
    [DataContract]
    class BookCollection {
        [DataMember (Order = 0)]
        public string collectionname { get; set; }
        [DataMember (Order = 1)]
        public List<Book> collectionitems { get; set; }
    }

    [Serializable]
    [KnownType (typeof (object[]))]
    class Book: ISerializable {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public int NumberOfPages { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public Book () { }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute (SecurityAction.Demand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)]
        protected Book (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) {
            // called by DataContractJsonSerializer.ReadObject
            Object[] ar = (Object[]) info.GetValue ("book", typeof (object[]));

            this.Id = (string)ar[0];
            this.NumberOfPages = (int)ar[1];
            this.Title = (string)ar[2];
        }

        [SecurityPermission (SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        public void GetObjectData (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) {
            // called by DataContractJsonSerializer.WriteObject
            object[] ar = new object[] { (object)this.Id, (object)this.NumberOfPages, (object)this.Title };
            info.AddValue ("book", ar);
        }
    }

    class Program {
        static readonly string testJSONdata = "{\"collectionname\":\"Books\",\"collectionitems\":[{\"book\":[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"]},{\"book\":[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]}]}";

        static void Main (string[] args) {
            BookCollection test = new BookCollection () {
                collectionname = "Books",
                collectionitems = new List<Book> {
                    new Book() { Id = "12345-67890", NumberOfPages = 201, Title = "Book One"},
                    new Book() { Id = "09876-54321", NumberOfPages = 45, Title = "Book Two"},
                }
            };

            MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream ();
            System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer ser =
                new System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer (typeof (BookCollection));
            memoryStream.Position = 0;
            ser.WriteObject (memoryStream, test);

            memoryStream.Flush();
            memoryStream.Position = 0;
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(memoryStream);
            string str = sr.ReadToEnd ();
            Console.WriteLine ("The result of custom serialization:");
            Console.WriteLine (str);

            if (String.Compare (testJSONdata, str, StringComparison.Ordinal) != 0) {
                Console.WriteLine ("Error in serialization: unexpected results.");
                    return;
            }

            byte[] jsonDataAsBytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding ("iso-8859-1").GetBytes (testJSONdata);
            MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream (jsonDataAsBytes);
            stream.Position = 0;
            BookCollection p2 = (BookCollection)ser.ReadObject (stream);
        }
    }
}

我還沒有在Silverlight 4下測試這種方法。