在C＃中定義Windows API接口時，是否必須定義所有成員？ 我可以只定義我要使用的方法嗎？

Question

例如，這是從Pinvoke站點獲取的IFileOpenDialog接口的完整定義，即Windows Shell接口：

[ComImport, Guid ( "d57c7288-d4ad-4768-be02-9d969532d960" ), InterfaceType ( ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown )]
interface IFileOpenDialog : IFileDialog
{
// Defined on IModalWindow - repeated here due to requirements of COM interop layer
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime ), PreserveSig]
int Show ( [In] IntPtr parent );

// Defined on IFileDialog - repeated here due to requirements of COM interop layer
[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFileTypes ( [In] uint cFileTypes, [In] COMDLG_FILTERSPEC[] rgFilterSpec );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFileTypeIndex ( [In] uint iFileType );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetFileTypeIndex ( out uint piFileType );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void Advise ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] IFileDialogEvents pfde, out uint pdwCookie );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void Unadvise ( [In] uint dwCookie );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetOptions ( [In] FOS fos );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetOptions ( out FOS pfos );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetDefaultFolder ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] IShellItem psi );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFolder ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] IShellItem psi );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetFolder ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] out IShellItem ppsi );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetCurrentSelection ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] out IShellItem ppsi );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFileName ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] string pszName );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetFileName ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] out string pszName );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetTitle ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] string pszTitle );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetOkButtonLabel ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] string pszText );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFileNameLabel ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] string pszLabel );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetResult ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] out IShellItem ppsi );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void AddPlace ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] IShellItem psi, NativeMethods.FDAP fdap );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetDefaultExtension ( [In, MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.LPWStr )] string pszDefaultExtension );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void Close ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Error )] int hr );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetClientGuid ( [In] ref Guid guid );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void ClearClientData ( );

// Not supported:  IShellItemFilter is not defined, converting to IntPtr
[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetFilter ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] IntPtr pFilter );

// Defined by IFileOpenDialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetResults ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] out IShellItemArray ppenum );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void GetSelectedItems ( [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.Interface )] out IShellItemArray ppsai );
}

如果我只使用此接口中的兩個方法，我可以將它定義為：

[ComImport, Guid ( "d57c7288-d4ad-4768-be02-9d969532d960" ), InterfaceType ( ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown )]
interface IFileOpenDialog : IFileDialog
{
// Defined on IModalWindow - repeated here due to requirements of COM interop layer
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime ), PreserveSig]
int Show ( [In] IntPtr parent );

[MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
void SetOptions ( [In] FOS fos );
}

它會起作用嗎？ 或者我是否必須使用所有方法定義完整的界面？

Answer 1

不，這不行。 CLR根據聲明為COM接口構建一個調度表。 該表中函數指針的順序由聲明中方法定義的順序設置。 Show（）方法將占用兩種情況下的第一個插槽，沒有麻煩。 然而，SetOptions（）最終將調用第二個，實際上是SetFileTypes（）。 它們有不同的參數，當實現獲得垃圾參數並且堆棧變得不平衡時，它將以令人討厭的方式進入kaboom。

您可以省略尾部的任何聲明。 另請注意，當您不調用該方法時，該方法的實際聲明無關緊要。 這允許你撒謊並避免必須聲明他們的參數類型。 確保顯然該方法實際上不起作用，將其命名為void DontCallMe2（） 。

請注意，這些接口已包含在Windows API代碼包以及.NET 4.0版本的Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog和.NET 3.5的System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog版本中。

Answer 2

如果要定義實現接口的類型，則必須實現接口的所有元素。 如果不這樣做，那么最好的情況是你的代碼會出現“不穩定”的行為，最糟糕的情況是你的應用程序會在你嘗試對你的接口實現做任何事情時崩潰。

請記住，這兩個接口不一樣：

[ComImport, Guid ( "d57c7288-d4ad-4768-be02-9d969532d960" ), InterfaceType ( ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown )]
interface IFileOpenDialog : IFileDialog
{
    [MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime ), PreserveSig]
    int Show ( [In] IntPtr parent );
}

[ComImport, Guid ( "d57c7288-d4ad-4768-be02-9d969532d960" ), InterfaceType ( ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown )]
interface IFileOpenDialog : IFileDialog
{
    [MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime ), PreserveSig]
    int Show ( [In] IntPtr parent );

    [MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions.InternalCall, MethodCodeType = MethodCodeType.Runtime )]
    void SetOptions ( [In] FOS fos );
}

盡管它們具有相同的名稱，相同的Guid並且都實現了Show ，但只有一個實現SetOptions的事實使它們不同。

無論如何，從你沒有實現的接口的任何方法拋出一個NotImplemented異常，但是說你實現接口ISomeInterface ，你實際上必須這樣做。