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如何使用C#和LINQ在XML內部提取信息?

[英]How do I extract info deep inside XML using C# and LINQ?

這是我在StackOverflow上的第一篇文章,所以請耐心等待。 如果我的代碼示例有點長,我會提前道歉。

使用C#和LINQ,我試圖在更大的XML文件中識別一系列第三級id元素(在本例中為000049)。 每個第三級id都是唯一的,我想要的是基於每個的一系列后代信息。 更具體地說,如果type == Alocation type(old) == vaultlocation type(new) == out ,那么我想選擇那個id 下面是我正在使用的XML和C#代碼。

一般來說,我的代碼有效。 如下所示,它將返回兩次id為000049,這是正確的。 但是,我發現了一個小故障。 如果我刪除包含type == A的第一個history塊,我的代碼仍然會返回兩次id 000049,它應該只返回一次。 我知道它為什么會發生,但我無法找到更好的方法來運行查詢。 有沒有更好的方法來運行我的查詢來獲得我想要的輸出並仍然使用LINQ?

我的XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO8859-1" ?>
<data type="historylist">
    <date type="runtime">
        <year>2011</year>
        <month>04</month>
        <day>22</day>
        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
        <hour>15</hour>
        <minutes>24</minutes>
        <seconds>46</seconds>
    </date>
    <customer>
        <id>0001</id>
        <description>customer</description>
        <mediatype>
            <id>kit</id>
            <description>customer kit</description>
            <volume>
                <id>000049</id>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>03</hour>
                        <minutes>00</minutes>
                        <seconds>02</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>batch</userid>
                    <type>OD</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>vault</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>06</hour>
                        <minutes>43</minutes>
                        <seconds>33</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>vaultred</userid>
                    <type>A</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>vault</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>06</hour>
                        <minutes>43</minutes>
                        <seconds>33</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>vaultred</userid>
                    <type>S</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>vault</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>06</hour>
                        <minutes>45</minutes>
                        <seconds>00</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>batch</userid>
                    <type>O</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>site</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>11</hour>
                        <minutes>25</minutes>
                        <seconds>59</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>ihcmdm</userid>
                    <type>A</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>site</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
                <history>
                    <date type="optime">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                        <hour>11</hour>
                        <minutes>25</minutes>
                        <seconds>59</seconds>
                    </date>
                    <userid>ihcmdm</userid>
                    <type>S</type>
                    <location type="old">
                        <repository>out</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <location type="new">
                        <repository>site</repository>
                        <slot>0</slot>
                    </location>
                    <container>0001.kit.000049</container>
                    <date type="movedate">
                        <year>2011</year>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <day>22</day>
                        <dayname>Friday</dayname>
                    </date>
                </history>
            </volume>
            ...

我的C#代碼:

IEnumerable<XElement> caseIdLeavingVault =
    from volume in root.Descendants("volume")
    where
        (from type in volume.Descendants("type")
         where type.Value == "A"
         select type).Any() &&
        (from locationOld in volume.Descendants("location")
         where
             ((String)locationOld.Attribute("type") == "old" &&
              (String)locationOld.Element("repository") == "vault") &&
             (from locationNew in volume.Descendants("location")
              where
                  ((String)locationNew.Attribute("type") == "new" &&
                   (String)locationNew.Element("repository") == "out")
              select locationNew).Any()
         select locationOld).Any()
    select volume.Element("id");

    ...

foreach (XElement volume in caseIdLeavingVault)
{
    Console.WriteLine(volume.Value.ToString());
}

謝謝。


好的伙計們,我再次難過了。 鑒於同樣的情況和@ Elian的解決方案(效果很好),我需要用於選擇idhistory"optime""movedate"日期。 那有意義嗎? 我希望以這樣的結局結束:

select new { 
    id = volume.Element("id").Value, 

    // this is from "optime"
    opYear = <whaterver>("year").Value, 
    opMonth = <whatever>("month").Value, 
    opDay = <whatever>("day").Value, 

    // this is from "movedate"
    mvYear = <whaterver>("year").Value, 
    mvMonth = <whatever>("month").Value, 
    mvDay = <whatever>("day").Value 
} 

我已經嘗試了許多不同的組合,但Attribute S代表<date type="optime"><date type="movedate">繼續得到我的方式,我似乎無法得到我想要的東西。


好。 我找到了一個效果很好的解決方案

select new {
    caseId = volume.Element("id").Value,

    // this is from "optime"
    opYear = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("year").Value,
    opMonth = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("month").Value,
    opDay = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("day").Value,

    // this is from "movedate"
    mvYear = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("year").Value,
    mvMonth = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("month").Value,
    mvDay = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("day").Value
};

但是,當它找到沒有"movedate"id時它會失敗。 其中一些存在,所以現在我正在努力。


好吧,昨天下午晚些時候我終於想出了我一直想要的解決方案:

var caseIdLeavingSite =
    from volume in root.Descendants("volume")
    where volume.Elements("history").Any(
        h => h.Element("type").Value == "A" &&
        h.Elements("location").Any(l => l.Attribute("type").Value == "old" && ((l.Element("repository").Value == "site") ||
                                                                               (l.Element("repository").Value == "init"))) &&
        h.Elements("location").Any(l => l.Attribute("type").Value == "new" && l.Element("repository").Value == "toVault")
        )
    select new {
        caseId = volume.Element("id").Value,
        opYear = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("year").Value,
        opMonth = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("month").Value,
        opDay = volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "optime").First().Element("day").Value,
        mvYear = (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").Any() == true) ? 
                 (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("year").Value) : "0",
        mvMonth = (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").Any() == true) ? 
                  (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("month").Value) : "0",
        mvDay = (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").Any() == true) ? 
                (volume.Descendants("date").Where(t => t.Attribute("type").Value == "movedate").First().Element("day").Value) : "0"
   };

這滿足了@Elian幫助的要求並獲取了必要的附加日期信息。 當使用三元運算符沒有"movedate"元素時,它也會解釋那幾個實例?:

現在,如果有人知道如何提高效率,我仍然感興趣。 謝謝。

我想你想要這樣的東西:

IEnumerable<XElement> caseIdLeavingVault =
    from volume in document.Descendants("volume")
    where volume.Elements("history").Any(
        h => h.Element("type").Value == "A" &&
            h.Elements("location").Any(l => l.Attribute("type").Value == "old" && l.Element("repository").Value == "vault") &&
            h.Elements("location").Any(l => l.Attribute("type").Value == "new" && l.Element("repository").Value == "out")
        )
    select volume.Element("id");

您的代碼獨立地檢查是否一個卷具有<history>類型的元件A和(不一定相同) <history>元件,其具有所要求的<location>元素。

上面的代碼檢查是否存在類型為A且包含所需<location>元素的<history> <location>元素。

更新: Abatishchev建議使用xpath查詢而不是LINQ to XML的解決方案,但他的查詢過於簡單,並且不能完全返回您要求的內容。 以下的xpath查詢可以解決問題,但它也有點長:

data/customer/mediatype/volume[history[type = 'A' and location[@type = 'old' and repository = 'vault'] and location[@type = 'new' and repository = 'out']]]/id

當您可以使用簡單的XPath查詢時,如何使用這種復雜且昂貴的LINQ to XML查詢:

using System.Xml;

string xml = @"...";
string xpath = "data/customer/mediatype/volume/history/type[text()='A']/../location[@type='old' or @type='new']/../../id";

var doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(xml); // or use Load(path);

var nodes = doc.SelectNodes(xpath);

foreach (XmlNode node in nodes)
{
    Console.WriteLine(node.InnerText); // 000049
}

或者如果您不需要XML DOM模型:

using System.Xml.XPath;

XPathDocument doc = null;
using (var stream = new StringReader(xml))
{
    doc = new XPathDocument(stream); // specify just path to file if you have such one
}
var nav = doc.CreateNavigator();
XPathNodeIterator nodes = (XPathNodeIterator)nav.Evaluate(xpath);
foreach (XPathNavigator node in nodes)
{
    Console.WriteLine(node.Value);
}

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