使用Selenium PageObject設計模式的最佳方法是什么

Question

我正在使用Selenium 2 Web Driver和C＃.Net創建測試。 在閱讀了很多Selenium文檔之后，我仍然不確定如何使用PageObject設計模式進行測試。

許多selenium示例僅在Java中顯示，並且.Net的API綁定並不總是與人們認為的由於限制和某些語言設置的標准相似。

在.Net Selenium Web Driver中將PageObject設計模式與PageFactory一起使用的最佳方法是什么？

最終，我希望我的PageObjects處理更多功能，而不是使用PageObject IWebElements進行NUnit測試。

下面是我目前如何創建我的測試的示例。

public class LoginPage
{
    private IWebDriver webDriver;

    [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl00_ctl00_ctl00_insideForm_insideForm_content_txtPassword")]
    public IWebElement Password { get; set; }

    [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl00_ctl00_ctl00_insideForm_insideForm_content_cmdSubmit")]
    public IWebElement SubmitButton { get; set; }

    [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl00_ctl00_ctl00_insideForm_insideForm_content_txtUserName")]
    public IWebElement UserName { get; set; }

    public LoginPage() { }

    public LoginPage(IWebDriver webDriver)
    {
        this.webDriver = webDriver;


        if(!webDriver.Url.Contains("Login.aspx"))
        {
            throw new StaleElementReferenceException("This is not the login page");
        }
        PageFactory.InitElements(webDriver, this);
    }

    public HomePage signIn(string username, string password)
    {
        UserName.SendKeys(username);
        Password.SendKeys(password);
        SubmitButton.Submit();

        // Even if i create a NUnit test for this
        // Issue with page loading still occures when I try and return new object
        HomePage homePage = new HomePage(webDriver);
        PageFactory.InitElements(webDriver, homePage);
        return homePage;
    }
}

目前這就是我目前正在使用NUnit做的事情：

[TestFixture]
public class LoginPageTest : TestBase
{
    private IWebDriver driver;
    private LoginPage loginPage;
    private HomePage homePage;

    [SetUp]
    [Description("Sets up the test fixture page objects and navigates to the login page.")]
    public void SetUp()
    {
        driver = StartDriver();
        Log.Info("Driver started");
        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://" + Environment + ");
        loginPage = new LoginPage();
        PageFactory.InitElements(driver, loginPage);
        //driver.Navigate().Refresh();
    }

    [Test]
    [Description("Enters invalid credentials and asserts that a correct error message is displayed.")]
    public void SubmitFormInvalidCredentials()
    {
        loginPage.UserName.SendKeys("invalid");
        loginPage.Password.SendKeys("invalid");
        loginPage.SubmitButton.Click();
        IWebElement invalidCredentials = driver.FindElement(By.Id("ctl00_ctl00_ctl00_insideForm_insideForm_ctl02_title"));
        Assert.AreEqual("Invalid user name or password", invalidCredentials.Text);
    }

    [Test]
    [Description("Enters valid credentials and asserts that the user is taken to the home page.")]
    public void SubmitFormValidCredentials()
    {
        loginPage.UserName.SendKeys("valid");
        loginPage.Password.SendKeys("valid");
        loginPage.SubmitButton.Click();

        homePage = new HomePage();
        PageFactory.InitElements(driver, homePage);
        Assert.AreEqual("pattest", homePage.Username.Text);
    }

 }

我找到的關於selenium webdriver設計模式的大多數文章和博客文章都給我發現的先前帖子帶來了矛盾。

那么，正確的方法是什么？

最重要的是，我甚至嘗試了PageObject設計模式。

    [Test]
    [Description("Login using PageObject Design Pattern")]
    public void Login()
    {
        loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        HomePage signIn = loginPage.SignIn("pattest", "pattest");
    }

在我的LoginPage里面

public LoginPage(IWebDriver driver)
    {
        this.driver = driver;

        if (!driver.Url.Contains("Login.aspx"))
        {
            throw new ElementNotFoundException("This is not the login page");
        }
        PageFactory.InitElements(driver, this);
    }

    public HomePage SignIn(string username, string password)
    {
        UserName.SendKeys(username);
        Password.SendKeys(password);
        SubmitButton.Click();
        return new HomePage(driver);
    }

並且，當然要顯示我的HomePage應該如何使用其構造函數啟動：

public HomePage(IWebDriver d)
    {
        webDriver = d;
        // I need to use this as its not freaking waiting for my Page to load when I pass the webdriver in the consturctor.
        var wait = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60));

        try
        {
            wait.Until(driver => driver.FindElement(By.Id("ctl00_ctl00_ctl00_insideForm_insideForm_loginStatus")));
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            throw new ElementNotFoundException("This is not the home page.");
        }
        PageFactory.InitElements(webDriver, this);
    }

如何有效地使用WebDriver PageObject設計模式進行測試。 我無法弄清楚這一點。

Answer 1

使用PageFactory.InitElements(_driver, this) ; 在基頁類的構造函數上：

public class Page
{
    public IWebDriver _driver;

    public Page(IWebDriver driver)
    {
        this._driver = driver;
        PageFactory.InitElements(_driver, this);
    }
}

請參閱PageFactory文檔

Answer 2

創建一個Browser類來創建驅動程序和類似的功能，例如用於導航的GoTo（）和用於關閉瀏覽器的Teardown（）。

public class Browser
    {
        static IWebDriver webDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
        //static IWebDriver webDriver = new ChromeDriver();
        //InternetExplorerOptions  options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); 
        //static IWebDriver webDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver(@"C:\Program Files\Selenium\");
        public static void GoTo(string url)
        {
            //webDriver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitlyWait(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 5));
            webDriver.Url = url;
        }
        public static ISearchContext Driver
        {
            get { return webDriver; }
        }
        public static void Teardown()
        {
            webDriver.Quit();
        }   
        public static void MaximizeWindow()
        {
            webDriver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
        }

為頁面創建單獨的類，並使用PageFactory來初始化元素。

 public class Admin
    {
        public static AdminPage AdminPage
        {
            get
            {
                var adminpage = new AdminPage();
                PageFactory.InitElements(Browser.Driver, adminpage);
                return adminpage;
            }

        }
    }
    public class AdminPage
    {
        string Url = "http://172.18.12.225:4444/admin/admin.aspx";
        string Title = "Login";
        string Text = "Admin";
        public void GoTo()
        {
            Browser.GoTo(Url);
        }
        public bool IsAt()
        {
            return Browser.Title == Title;
        }
        public bool Is_At()
        {
            return Browser.Title == Text;
        }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl16_lblUdpSageMesageCustom")]
        public IWebElement UpdateMessage { get; set; }

        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "hypPreview")]
        public IWebElement BackHomeLink { get; set; }
        //Login
       // [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_UserName")]
       // public IWebElement UserNameLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_Password")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement PasswordLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_LoginButton")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement LoginLink { get; set; }
        //Forgot Password
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_hypForgotPassword")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement FPWLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_wzdForgotPassword_txtUsername")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement FPWUserNameLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_wzdForgotPassword_CaptchaValue")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement FPWCaptchaLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_wzdForgotPassword_StartNavigationTemplateContainerID_StartNextButton")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement FPWNextLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl14_wzdForgotPassword_StartNavigationTemplateContainerID_CancelButton")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement FPWCancelLink { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "sfToppane")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement TopPane { get; set; }
        [FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "sidebar")][CacheLookup]
        public IWebElement sidebar { get; set; }
        //Role
        //[FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl19_rptDashBoard_ctl01_hypPageURL")]
        //public IWebElement Role { get; set; }       
        //User
        //[FindsBy(How = How.Id, Using = "ctl19_rptDashBoard_ctl02_hypPageURL")]
        //public IWebElement User { get; set; } 
        public void LogIn(string Username, string Password)
        {
            Browser.MaximizeWindow();
            IWebElement UserNameLink = Browser.WaitForElement(By.Id("ctl14_UserName"), 15);
            UserNameLink.Click();
            UserNameLink.Clear();
            UserNameLink.SendKeys(Username);
            PasswordLink.Click();
            PasswordLink.Clear();
            PasswordLink.SendKeys(Password);
            LoginLink.Click();
        }
}

這是一個具有登錄功能的小例子。 我希望這可能會有所幫助，即使是遲到的回復。

Answer 3

我會避免測試中的Asserts並堅持使用LoginPage.signIn方法，如果登錄失敗，將拋出異常。 我不熟悉NUnit，但我猜它支持“預期失敗”的行為。

最好將依賴於頁面的邏輯保存在一個位置（頁面類）。

我猜你必須在主要應用程序發展過程中大量修改Web UI測試。