C# 中的雙向/雙向字典？

Question

我想通過以下方式將單詞存儲在字典中：

我可以逐字獲取代碼： dict["SomeWord"] -> 123並逐字獲取代碼： dict[123] -> "SomeWord"

這是真的嗎？ 當然，一種方法是使用兩個字典： Dictionary<string,int>和Dictionary<int,string>但還有另一種方法嗎？

Answer 1

我寫了幾個快速的類，讓你做你想做的事。 您可能需要使用更多功能擴展它，但這是一個很好的起點。

代碼的使用如下所示：

var map = new Map<int, string>();

map.Add(42, "Hello");

Console.WriteLine(map.Forward[42]);
// Outputs "Hello"

Console.WriteLine(map.Reverse["Hello"]);
//Outputs 42

這是定義：

public class Map<T1, T2>
{
    private Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    private Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public Map()
    {
        this.Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        this.Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    public class Indexer<T3, T4>
    {
        private Dictionary<T3, T4> _dictionary;
        public Indexer(Dictionary<T3, T4> dictionary)
        {
            _dictionary = dictionary;
        }
        public T4 this[T3 index]
        {
            get { return _dictionary[index]; }
            set { _dictionary[index] = value; }
        }
    }

    public void Add(T1 t1, T2 t2)
    {
        _forward.Add(t1, t2);
        _reverse.Add(t2, t1);
    }

    public Indexer<T1, T2> Forward { get; private set; }
    public Indexer<T2, T1> Reverse { get; private set; }
}

Answer 2

遺憾的是，您需要兩本詞典，每個方向一本。 但是，您可以使用 LINQ 輕松獲取逆字典：

Dictionary<T1, T2> dict = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
Dictionary<T2, T1> dictInverse = dict.ToDictionary((i) => i.Value, (i) => i.Key);

Answer 3

通過添加初始化和包含方法擴展了 Enigmativity 代碼。

public class Map<T1, T2> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    private readonly Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public Map()
    {
        Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    public Indexer<T1, T2> Forward { get; private set; }
    public Indexer<T2, T1> Reverse { get; private set; }

    public void Add(T1 t1, T2 t2)
    {
        _forward.Add(t1, t2);
        _reverse.Add(t2, t1);
    }

    public void Remove(T1 t1)
    {
        T2 revKey = Forward[t1];
        _forward.Remove(t1);
        _reverse.Remove(revKey);
    }
    
    public void Remove(T2 t2)
    {
        T1 forwardKey = Reverse[t2];
        _reverse.Remove(t2);
        _forward.Remove(forwardKey);
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return _forward.GetEnumerator();
    }

    public class Indexer<T3, T4>
    {
        private readonly Dictionary<T3, T4> _dictionary;

        public Indexer(Dictionary<T3, T4> dictionary)
        {
            _dictionary = dictionary;
        }

        public T4 this[T3 index]
        {
            get { return _dictionary[index]; }
            set { _dictionary[index] = value; }
        }

        public bool Contains(T3 key)
        {
            return _dictionary.ContainsKey(key);
        }
    }
}

這是一個用例，檢查有效的括號

public static class ValidParenthesisExt
{
    private static readonly Map<char, char>
        _parenthesis = new Map<char, char>
        {
            {'(', ')'},
            {'{', '}'},
            {'[', ']'}
        };

    public static bool IsValidParenthesis(this string input)
    {
        var stack = new Stack<char>();
        foreach (var c in input)
        {
            if (_parenthesis.Forward.Contains(c))
                stack.Push(c);
            else
            {
                if (stack.Count == 0) return false;
                if (_parenthesis.Reverse[c] != stack.Pop())
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return stack.Count == 0;
    }
}

Answer 4

正如其他人所說，您可以使用兩個字典，但還要注意，如果TKey和TValue的類型相同（並且它們的運行時值域已知是不相交的），那么您可以通過創建兩個條目來使用相同的字典每個鍵/值對：

dict["SomeWord"]= "123"和dict["123"]="SomeWord"

這樣，單個字典可用於任一類型的查找。

Answer 5

到底是什么，我會把我的版本混在一起：

public class BijectiveDictionary<TKey, TValue> 
{
    private EqualityComparer<TKey> _keyComparer;
    private Dictionary<TKey, ISet<TValue>> _forwardLookup;
    private EqualityComparer<TValue> _valueComparer;
    private Dictionary<TValue, ISet<TKey>> _reverseLookup;             

    public BijectiveDictionary()
        : this(EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default, EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default)
    {
    }

    public BijectiveDictionary(EqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer, EqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer)
        : this(0, EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default, EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default)
    {
    }

    public BijectiveDictionary(int capacity, EqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer, EqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer)
    {
        _keyComparer = keyComparer;
        _forwardLookup = new Dictionary<TKey, ISet<TValue>>(capacity, keyComparer);            
        _valueComparer = valueComparer;
        _reverseLookup = new Dictionary<TValue, ISet<TKey>>(capacity, valueComparer);            
    }

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        AddForward(key, value);
        AddReverse(key, value);
    }

    public void AddForward(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        ISet<TValue> values;
        if (!_forwardLookup.TryGetValue(key, out values))
        {
            values = new HashSet<TValue>(_valueComparer);
            _forwardLookup.Add(key, values);
        }
        values.Add(value);
    }

    public void AddReverse(TKey key, TValue value) 
    {
        ISet<TKey> keys;
        if (!_reverseLookup.TryGetValue(value, out keys))
        {
            keys = new HashSet<TKey>(_keyComparer);
            _reverseLookup.Add(value, keys);
        }
        keys.Add(key);
    }

    public bool TryGetReverse(TValue value, out ISet<TKey> keys)
    {
        return _reverseLookup.TryGetValue(value, out keys);
    }

    public ISet<TKey> GetReverse(TValue value)
    {
        ISet<TKey> keys;
        TryGetReverse(value, out keys);
        return keys;
    }

    public bool ContainsForward(TKey key)
    {
        return _forwardLookup.ContainsKey(key);
    }

    public bool TryGetForward(TKey key, out ISet<TValue> values)
    {
        return _forwardLookup.TryGetValue(key, out values);
    }

    public ISet<TValue> GetForward(TKey key)
    {
        ISet<TValue> values;
        TryGetForward(key, out values);
        return values;
    }

    public bool ContainsReverse(TValue value)
    {
        return _reverseLookup.ContainsKey(value);
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        _forwardLookup.Clear();
        _reverseLookup.Clear();
    }
}

向其中添加一些數據：

var lookup = new BijectiveDictionary<int, int>();

lookup.Add(1, 2);
lookup.Add(1, 3);
lookup.Add(1, 4);
lookup.Add(1, 5);

lookup.Add(6, 2);
lookup.Add(6, 8);
lookup.Add(6, 9);
lookup.Add(6, 10);

然后進行查找：

lookup[2] --> 1, 6
lookup[3] --> 1
lookup[8] --> 6

Answer 6

您可以使用此擴展方法，盡管它使用枚舉，因此對於大型數據集可能沒有那么高的性能。 如果您擔心效率，那么您需要兩本詞典。 如果要將兩個字典包裝到一個類中，請參閱此問題的公認答案： Bidirectional 1 to 1 Dictionary in C#

public static class IDictionaryExtensions
{
    public static TKey FindKeyByValue<TKey, TValue>(this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, TValue value)
    {
        if (dictionary == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dictionary");

        foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair in dictionary)
            if (value.Equals(pair.Value)) return pair.Key;

        throw new Exception("the value is not found in the dictionary");
    }
}

Answer 7

Xavier John 答案的修改版本，帶有一個額外的構造函數來進行正向和反向比較器。 例如，這將支持不區分大小寫的鍵。 如果需要，可以添加更多構造函數，以將更多參數傳遞給正向和反向字典構造函數。

public class Map<T1, T2> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward;
    private readonly Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse;

    /// <summary>
    /// Constructor that uses the default comparers for the keys in each direction.
    /// </summary>
    public Map()
        : this(null, null)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Constructor that defines the comparers to use when comparing keys in each direction.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="t1Comparer">Comparer for the keys of type T1.</param>
    /// <param name="t2Comparer">Comparer for the keys of type T2.</param>
    /// <remarks>Pass null to use the default comparer.</remarks>
    public Map(IEqualityComparer<T1> t1Comparer, IEqualityComparer<T2> t2Comparer)
    {
        _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>(t1Comparer);
        _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>(t2Comparer);
        Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    // Remainder is the same as Xavier John's answer:
    // https://stackoverflow.com/a/41907561/216440
    ...
}

使用示例，使用不區分大小寫的鍵：

Map<int, string> categories = 
new Map<int, string>(null, StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase)
{
    { 1, "Bedroom Furniture" },
    { 2, "Dining Furniture" },
    { 3, "Outdoor Furniture" }, 
    { 4, "Kitchen Appliances" }
};

int categoryId = 3;
Console.WriteLine("Description for category ID {0}: '{1}'", 
    categoryId, categories.Forward[categoryId]);

string categoryDescription = "DINING FURNITURE";
Console.WriteLine("Category ID for description '{0}': {1}", 
    categoryDescription, categories.Reverse[categoryDescription]);

categoryDescription = "outdoor furniture";
Console.WriteLine("Category ID for description '{0}': {1}", 
    categoryDescription, categories.Reverse[categoryDescription]);

// Results:
/*
Description for category ID 3: 'Outdoor Furniture'
Category ID for description 'DINING FURNITURE': 2
Category ID for description 'outdoor furniture': 3
*/

Answer 8

有一個擴展版本的 Enigmativity 答案可作為 nuget 包https://www.nuget.org/packages/BidirectionalMap/

它是開源的here

Answer 9

字典

這是我在每個答案中喜歡的內容的混合。 它實現了IEnumerable因此它可以使用集合初始值設定項，如您在示例中所見。

使用限制：

• 您正在使用不同的數據類型。 （即T1 ≠ T2 ）

代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Bictionary<string, int> bictionary = 
            new Bictionary<string,int>() {
                { "a",1 }, 
                { "b",2 }, 
                { "c",3 } 
            };

        // test forward lookup
        Console.WriteLine(bictionary["b"]);
        // test forward lookup error
        //Console.WriteLine(bictionary["d"]);
        // test reverse lookup
        Console.WriteLine(bictionary[3]); 
        // test reverse lookup error (throws same error as forward lookup does)
        Console.WriteLine(bictionary[4]); 
    }
}

public class Bictionary<T1, T2> : Dictionary<T1, T2>
{
    public T1 this[T2 index]
    {
        get
        {
            if(!this.Any(x => x.Value.Equals(index)))
               throw new System.Collections.Generic.KeyNotFoundException();
            return this.First(x => x.Value.Equals(index)).Key;
        }
    }
}

小提琴：

https://dotnetfiddle.net/mTNEuw

Answer 10

這是一個老問題，但我想添加兩個擴展方法，以防有人發現它有用。 第二個不是那么有用，但如果需要支持一對一的字典，它提供了一個起點。

    public static Dictionary<VALUE,KEY> Inverse<KEY,VALUE>(this Dictionary<KEY,VALUE> dictionary)
    {
        if (dictionary==null || dictionary.Count == 0) { return null; }

        var result = new Dictionary<VALUE, KEY>(dictionary.Count);

        foreach(KeyValuePair<KEY,VALUE> entry in dictionary)
        {
            result.Add(entry.Value, entry.Key);
        }

        return result;
    }

    public static Dictionary<VALUE, KEY> SafeInverse<KEY, VALUE>(this Dictionary<KEY, VALUE> dictionary)
    {
        if (dictionary == null || dictionary.Count == 0) { return null; }

        var result = new Dictionary<VALUE, KEY>(dictionary.Count);

        foreach (KeyValuePair<KEY, VALUE> entry in dictionary)
        {
            if (result.ContainsKey(entry.Value)) { continue; }

            result.Add(entry.Value, entry.Key);
        }

        return result;
    }

Answer 11

這是我的代碼。 除了種子構造函數之外，一切都是 O(1)。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class TwoWayDictionary<T1, T2>
{
    Dictionary<T1, T2> _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    Dictionary<T2, T1> _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public IReadOnlyDictionary<T1, T2> Forwards => _Forwards;
    public IReadOnlyDictionary<T2, T1> Backwards => _Backwards;

    public IEnumerable<T1> Set1 => Forwards.Keys;
    public IEnumerable<T2> Set2 => Backwards.Keys;


    public TwoWayDictionary()
    {
        _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
        _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(int capacity)
    {
        _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>(capacity);
        _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>(capacity);
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(Dictionary<T1, T2> initial)
    {
        _Forwards = initial;
        _Backwards = initial.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Value, kvp => kvp.Key);
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(Dictionary<T2, T1> initial)
    {
        _Backwards = initial;
        _Forwards = initial.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Value, kvp => kvp.Key);
    }


    public T1 this[T2 index]
    {
        get => _Backwards[index];
        set
        {
            if (_Backwards.TryGetValue(index, out var removeThis))
                _Forwards.Remove(removeThis);

            _Backwards[index] = value;
            _Forwards[value] = index;
        }
    }

    public T2 this[T1 index]
    {
        get => _Forwards[index];
        set
        {
            if (_Forwards.TryGetValue(index, out var removeThis))
                _Backwards.Remove(removeThis);

            _Forwards[index] = value;
            _Backwards[value] = index;
        }
    }

    public int Count => _Forwards.Count;

    public bool Contains(T1 item) => _Forwards.ContainsKey(item);
    public bool Contains(T2 item) => _Backwards.ContainsKey(item);

    public bool Remove(T1 item)
    {
        if (!this.Contains(item))
            return false;

        var t2 = _Forwards[item];

        _Backwards.Remove(t2);
        _Forwards.Remove(item);

        return true;
    }

    public bool Remove(T2 item)
    {
        if (!this.Contains(item))
            return false;

        var t1 = _Backwards[item];

        _Forwards.Remove(t1);
        _Backwards.Remove(item);

        return true;
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        _Forwards.Clear();
        _Backwards.Clear();
    }
}

Answer 12

這使用索引器進行反向查找。
反向查找是 O(n) 但它也不使用兩個字典

public sealed class DictionaryDoubleKeyed : Dictionary<UInt32, string>
{   // used UInt32 as the key as it has a perfect hash
    // if most of the lookup is by word then swap
    public void Add(UInt32 ID, string Word)
    {
        if (this.ContainsValue(Word)) throw new ArgumentException();
        base.Add(ID, Word);
    }
    public UInt32 this[string Word]
    {   // this will be O(n)
        get
        {
            return this.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value == Word).Key;
        }
    } 
}

Answer 13

以下封裝類在 1 個字典實例上使用 linq（IEnumerable 擴展）。

public class TwoWayDictionary<TKey, TValue>
{
    readonly IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dict;
    readonly Func<TKey, TValue> GetValueWhereKey;
    readonly Func<TValue, TKey> GetKeyWhereValue;
    readonly bool _mustValueBeUnique = true;

    public TwoWayDictionary()
    {
        this.dict = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();
        this.GetValueWhereKey = (strValue) => dict.Where(kvp => Object.Equals(kvp.Key, strValue)).Select(kvp => kvp.Value).FirstOrDefault();
        this.GetKeyWhereValue = (intValue) => dict.Where(kvp => Object.Equals(kvp.Value, intValue)).Select(kvp => kvp.Key).FirstOrDefault();
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] kvps)
        : this()
    {
        this.AddRange(kvps);
    }

    public void AddRange(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] kvps)
    {
        kvps.ToList().ForEach( kvp => {        
            if (!_mustValueBeUnique || !this.dict.Any(item => Object.Equals(item.Value, kvp.Value)))
            {
                dict.Add(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
            } else {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Value must be unique");
            }
        });
    }

    public TValue this[TKey key]
    {
        get { return GetValueWhereKey(key); }
    }

    public TKey this[TValue value]
    {
        get { return GetKeyWhereValue(value); }
    }
}

---

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var dict = new TwoWayDictionary<string, int>(new KeyValuePair<string, int>[] {
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".jpeg",100),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".jpg",101),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".txt",102),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".zip",103)
        });


        var r1 = dict[100];
        var r2 = dict[".jpg"];

    }

}

Answer 14

這是建議的替代解決方案。 刪除內部類並確保添加/刪除項目時的一致性

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Map<E, F> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<E, F>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<E, F> _left = new Dictionary<E, F>();
    public IReadOnlyDictionary<E, F> left => this._left;
    private readonly Dictionary<F, E> _right = new Dictionary<F, E>();
    public IReadOnlyDictionary<F, E> right => this._right;

    public void RemoveLeft(E e)
    {
        if (!this.left.ContainsKey(e)) return;
        this._right.Remove(this.left[e]);
        this._left.Remove(e);
    }

    public void RemoveRight(F f)
    {
        if (!this.right.ContainsKey(f)) return;
        this._left.Remove(this.right[f]);
        this._right.Remove(f);
    }

    public int Count()
    {
        return this.left.Count;
    }

    public void Set(E left, F right)
    {
        if (this.left.ContainsKey(left))
        {
            this.RemoveLeft(left);
        }
        if (this.right.ContainsKey(right))
        {
            this.RemoveRight(right);
        }
        this._left.Add(left, right);
        this._right.Add(right, left);
    }


    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<E, F>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.left.GetEnumerator();
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.left.GetEnumerator();
    }
}

Answer 15

.NET Core FX實驗室有一個不錯的請求請求：

https://github.com/dotnet/corefxlab/pull/2613

Answer 16

這個開源存儲庫中有一個BijectionDictionary類型：

https://github.com/ColmBhandal/CsharpExtras 。

它與給出的其他答案在性質上沒有太大不同。 它使用兩個字典，就像大多數答案一樣。

我相信，關於這本詞典與迄今為止的其他答案相比，它的新穎之處在於，它不像雙向詞典，而是像一個單向、熟悉的詞典，然后動態地允許您使用反向屬性。 翻轉的對象引用是淺的，因此它仍然可以修改與原始引用相同的核心對象。 所以你可以有兩個對同一個對象的引用，除了其中一個被翻轉。

這本字典的另一件可能獨特的事情是，在該存儲庫下的測試項目中為它編寫了一些測試。 我們已經在實踐中使用了它，到目前為止已經非常穩定。

Answer 17

在我看來，雙向字典是雙向字典的最佳實現。 它只是提供對逆字典的訪問。 例如，當TKey等於TValue時，這種實現沒有索引問題：

var capital = countryCapitalDictionary["Italy"]; // "Rome"
var country = countryCapitalDictionary.Inverse["Rome"]; // "Italy"

您可以通過 package。