如何按字母顺序查找最常用的单词？

Question

I am trying to find most frequent words in a text file in alphabetical order in this different program.

For example, the word: "that" is the most frequent word in the text file. So, it should be printed first: "that #"

It needs to be in this type of format as the program and as the answer below:

d = dict()

def counter_one():
    d = dict()
    word_file = open('gg.txt')
    for line in word_file:
        word = line.strip().lower()
        d = counter_two(word, d)
    return d

def counter_two(word, d):
    d = dict()
    word_file = open('gg.txt')
    for line in word_file:
        if word not in d:
            d[word] = 1
        else:
            d[word] + 1
    return d

def diction(d):
    for key, val in d.iteritems():
        print key, val

counter_one()
diction(d)

It should run something like this in the shell:

>>>
Words in text: ###
Frequent Words: ###
that 11
the 11
we 10
which 10
>>>

Answer 1

One easy way to get frequency counts is to use the Counter class in the builtin collections module. It allows you to pass in a list of words and it will automatically count them all and map each word to its frequency.

from collections import Counter
frequencies = Counter()
with open('gg.txt') as f:
  for line in f:
    frequencies.update(line.lower().split())

I used the lower() function to avoid counting "the" and "The" separately.

Then you can output them in frequency order with frequencies.most_common() or frequencies.most_common(n) if you only want the top n .

If you want to sort the resulting list by frequencies and then alphabetically for elements with the same frequencies, you can use the sorted builtin function with a key argument of lambda (x,y): (y,x) . So, your final code to do this would be:

from collections import Counter
frequencies = Counter()
with open('gg.txt') as f:
  for line in f:
    frequencies.update(line.lower().split())
most_frequent = sorted(frequencies.most_common(4), key=lambda (x,y): (y,x))
for (word, count) in most_frequent:
  print word, count

Then the output will be

that 11
the 11
we 10
which 10

Answer 2

You can do this simpler using collection's Counter . First, count the words, then sort by the number of appearances of each word AND the word itself:

from collections import Counter

# Load the file and extract the words
lines = open("gettysburg_address.txt").readlines()
words = [ w for l in lines for w in l.rstrip().split() ]
print 'Words in text:', len(words)

# Use counter to get the counts
counts = Counter( words )

# Sort the (word, count) tuples by the count, then the word itself,
# and output the k most frequent
k = 4
print 'Frequent words:'
for w, c in sorted(counts.most_common(k), key=lambda (w, c): (c, w), reverse=True):
    print '%s %s' % (w, c)

Output:

Words in text: 278
Frequent words:
that 13
the 9
we 8
to 8

Answer 3

Why do you keep re-opening the file and creating new dictionaries? What does your code need to do?

create a new empty dictionary to store words {word: count}
open the file
work through each line (word) in the file
    if the word is already in the dictionary
        increment count by one
    if not
        add to dictionary with count 1

Then you can easily get the number of words

len(dictionary)

and the n most common words with their counts

sorted(dictionary.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:n]