sem_wait在我的程序中被忽略

Question

I write a simple project on shared memory in linux. Two programs share memory, one is writing letters to it and second is reading them from it. I decided to use semaphores in order to ensure that no new letter is produced until it is read.

The problem is that my writer process is ignoring sem_wait( reading ) when its value is 0 and it should wait. It finishes its job before the reader even starts. I run it through ./writer & ./reader .

I enclose the code. There are a few unused elements here because it is not the final version yet. However problem already arised.

/* writer.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    key_t shmkey = 0xF00;
    int bytes = sizeof(char)*3 + sizeof(sem_t) * 3;
    int shmid;
    char* sharedMemory;
    sem_t *writing, *reading, *working;

    if ( (shmid = shmget( shmkey, bytes, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0666 )) < 0 )
    {
        shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
        shmctl( shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL );
        return 1;
    }
    if ( (sharedMemory = (char*) shmat( shmid, NULL, 0 )) == (char*) -1 )
    {
        shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
        shmctl( shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL );
        return 1;
    }

    writing = (sem_t*)(sharedMemory + 3);
    reading = writing + 1;
    working = reading + 1;

    sem_init( writing, 0, 0 );
    sem_init( reading, 0, 0 );

    sharedMemory[2] = 'w'; // writer is running
    char c;
    for( c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c )
    {
        *sharedMemory = c;
        sem_post( writing );
        sem_wait( reading );
    }
    sharedMemory[2] = 'q';
    while ( sharedMemory[2] != 'w' );
    sharedMemory[2] = 'q';
    shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
    shmctl( shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL );
    return 0;
}

And the reader,

/* reader.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    key_t shmkey = 0xF00;
    int bytes = sizeof(char)*3 + sizeof(sem_t) * 3;
    int shmid; 
    char* sharedMemory;
    sem_t *writing, *reading, *working;

    sleep(1); // wait until writer allocates fresh memory
    if ( (shmid = shmget( shmkey, bytes, 0666 )) < 0 )
    {
        shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
        return 1;
    }
    if ( (sharedMemory = (char*) shmat( shmid, NULL, 0 )) == (char*) -1 )
    {
        shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
        return 1;
    }

    if ( sharedMemory[2] != 'w' ) // is writer running?
    {
        shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
        return 1;
    }

    writing = (sem_t*)(sharedMemory + 3);
    reading = writing + 1;
    working = reading + 1;

    //sleep(5); //@REMOVE

    char c;
    do
    {
        sem_wait( writing );
        c = *sharedMemory;
        sem_post( reading );
        printf( "%c\n", c );
    } while ( sharedMemory[2] == 'w' ); 
    sharedMemory[2] = 'w';
    shmdt( (void*) sharedMemory );
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

sharedMemory + 3 is not properly aligned for type sem_t . Since you don't know the alignment requirement for sem_t , you need to make sure that your sem_t objects start at an offset in the shared memory segment that is a multiple of sizeof(sem_t) (this works because the alignment requirement of any object evenly divides its size).

Note that you should be checking the return values of sem_wait and sem_post . Then you could inspect errno if they fail and that would give you information on why they're failing (however in your case I suspect the errno value may have been less than helpful).