如何在python中向量化此循环？

Question

How can I vectorize this segment of pseudocode:

for i from 1 to n
   y[i] := y[i-1] + α * (x[i] - y[i-1])

Answer 1

Your original equation can be written:

y[i] = alpha*x[i] + (1-alpha)*y[i-1]

This is an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. You can take the Z transform to get:

Y(z) = alpha*X(z) + (1-alpha)*Y(z^-1)

which can be manipulated to give the transfer function of the filter

Y(z)/X(z) = alpha/(1 + (alpha-1)*z^-1)

You can use the lfilter function in scipy.signal (docs) to speed up your calculation:

import scipy.signal as sig
y = sig.lfilter([alpha], [1, alpha-1], x)

This is not, strictly speaking, vectorization. But it has the same effect: it speeds up the calculation by performing the loop in C.

Answer 2

It can not be vectorized. Your induction is simply y[i] = a * x[i] + (1-a) * y[i-1]

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Think of y[n] like a polynomial, a * x[i] and y[0] will be the coefficients and 1-a will be the variable. And there is no way to vectorize the evaluation of a polynomial.