发送网络数据，可变与不可变数据结构

Question

I'm implementing a library for a network protocol that involves sending data at a constant rate of 50Hz. The actual transmission of data will be done on a separate thread. As part of the library, there will be a class that represents all the data that needs to be sent, and the library will take care of serializing it and transmitting it.

My issue is that I'm not sure how to design this data class. The options I was thinking of were:

• Single mutable object. The sending thread will lock the object, serialize it, then unlock it so the client can modify it again. I think this is probably the worst option.
• Mutable object, that is cloned by the library when passed as an argument. This way the calling method can modify the existing object while not interfering with the send thread.
• Immutable object, so a new one will have to be created each time by the calling method, and repopulated with the data.

I was not sure about going the cloning route since a new object will have to be created and populated 50 times per second.

For the cloning options, I was also wondering what the best way to clone an object like this would be. Should I take advantage of Object.clone(), which I have heard mixed things about, or implement a custom copy method/constructor? If I make something custom, what would be the most robust way of implementing it? Basically, I'll have to write in the code to copy every field of the source object one by one, and I was hoping there would be some easier way of doing it.

Answer 1

I'd go with a mutable object and cloning. Without cloning you have potential data corruption, and making your class immutable adds complexity which is probably unwarranted.

Yes, your class should implement Cloneable and override Object.clone() . If any of your instance variable types are mutable, you should clone them too. For example:

class Data implements Cloneable {
    private int i; // int type is immutable
    private String s; // String type is immutable
    private List<String> l; // List type is mutable

    @Override
    public Data clone() {
        try {
            Data clone = (Data) super.clone();
            clone.l = new ArrayList<String>(l); // copy the mutable list
            return clone;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e); // impossible
        }
    }

    // other class members
}

Answer 2

• Single mutable object locked by the thread: you will need to implement the locking mecanism and if you have a leak your objects could be easily corrupted.
• Mutable object cloned: you will need to implement the cloning mecanism which can be tricky. Fortunately there are several solutions out there to achieve this. Take a look at Java: recommended solution for deep cloning/copying an instance
• Immutable object: you will need to implement the immutable object for example following http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/imstrat.html

I would go with the mutable object cloned as it maintains your original object. With this solution you can clone your object to send it and modify the original object for the next sending task.

The cloning mecanism should not be a performance problem as cloning 50 objects per second should not be a problem for any modern system (although I don't know what system are you working on).