我如何通过Rc <RefCell<Box<MyStruct> &gt;&gt;接受Rc的功能 <RefCell<Box<dyn MyTrait> &gt;&gt;？

Question

I have originally asked this question here , but it was marked as duplicate, although it duplicates only a part of it in my opinion, so I have created a more specific one:

Consider the following code:

use std::rc::Rc;

trait MyTrait {
    fn trait_func(&self);
}

struct MyStruct1;

impl MyStruct1 {
    fn my_fn(&self) {
        // do something
    }
}

impl MyTrait for MyStruct1 {
    fn trait_func(&self) {
        // do something
    }
}

fn my_trait_fn(t: Rc<dyn MyTrait>) {
    t.trait_func();
}

fn main() {
    let my_str: Rc<MyStruct1> = Rc::new(MyStruct1);
    my_trait_fn(my_str.clone());
    my_str.my_fn();
}

This code works fine. Now I want to change the definition of trait_func to accept a &mut self , but it won't work as Rc works with immutable data only. The solution I use is to wrap MyTrait into RefCell :

use std::cell::RefCell;

fn my_trait_fn(t: Rc<RefCell<Box<dyn MyTrait>>>) {
    t.borrow_mut().trait_func();
}

fn main() {
    let my_str: Rc<RefCell<Box<MyStruct1>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Box::new(MyStruct1)));
    my_trait_fn(my_str.clone());
    my_str.my_fn();
}

When I compile it I get an error:

error[E0308]: mismatched types
  --> src/main.rs:27:17
   |
27 |     my_trait_fn(my_str.clone());
   |                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected trait MyTrait, found struct `MyStruct1`
   |
   = note: expected type `std::rc::Rc<std::cell::RefCell<std::boxed::Box<dyn MyTrait + 'static>>>`
              found type `std::rc::Rc<std::cell::RefCell<std::boxed::Box<MyStruct1>>>`
   = help: here are some functions which might fulfill your needs:
           - .into_inner()

What's the best way to go around this problem?

Answer 1

(An older revision of this answer essentially advised to clone the underlying struct and put it in a new Rc<RefCell<Box<MyTrait>> object; this was necessary at the time on stable Rust, but since not long after that time, Rc<RefCell<MyStruct>> will coerce to Rc<RefCell<MyTrait>> without trouble.)

Drop the Box<> wrapping, and you can coerce Rc<RefCell<MyStruct>> to Rc<RefCell<MyTrait>> freely and easily. Recalling that cloning an Rc<T> just produces another Rc<T> , increasing the refcount by one, you can do something like this:

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cell::RefCell;

trait MyTrait {
    fn trait_func(&self);
}

#[derive(Clone)]
struct MyStruct1;
impl MyStruct1 {
    fn my_fn(&self) {
        // do something
    }
}

impl MyTrait for MyStruct1 {
    fn trait_func(&self) {
        // do something
    }
}

fn my_trait_fn(t: Rc<RefCell<MyTrait>>) {
    t.borrow_mut().trait_func();
}

fn main() {
    // (The type annotation is not necessary here, but helps explain it.
    // If the `my_str.borrow().my_fn()` line was missing, it would actually
    // be of type Rc<RefCell<MyTrait>> instead of Rc<RefCell<MyStruct1>>,
    // essentially doing the coercion one step earlier.)
    let my_str: Rc<RefCell<MyStruct1>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(MyStruct1));
    my_trait_fn(my_str.clone());
    my_str.borrow().my_fn();
}

As a general rule, see if you can make things take the contained value by reference, ideally even generically— fn my_trait_fn<T: MyTrait>(t: &T) and similar, which can typically be called as my_str.borrow() with automatic referencing and dereferencing taking care of the rest—rather than the whole Rc<RefCell<MyTrait>> thing.