将 QGIS 模块导入 Python (Anaconda)

Question

control QGIS from within Anaconda's Spyder.

I set PAYTHONPATH to C:\\Program Files\\QGIS Pisa\\apps\\qgis\\bin , but it still gives this error while import qgis.core module:

import qgis.core

ImportError: No module named qgis.core

How can I import the module?

Answer 1

The Python packages shipped with QGIS live in \\path\\to\\QGIS\\apps\\Python27\\Lib . So you need to add that to PYTHONPATH , rather than ...\\qgis\\bin .

It is best to do this on script-basis, rather than system-wide, like so:

import sys
sys.path.append("C:\Program Files\QGIS Pisa\apps\Python27\Lib")

import qgis.core

But be aware that the QGIS Python packages were likely built for a different version of Python. So things might not work smoothly.

Note: QGIS Python plugins are installed here: ~\\.qgis2\\python\\plugins , so you might need to sys.path.append that too.

Answer 2

The answer provided by j08lue works for me. But we also could do this in an Anaconda virtual environment in a specific environment-wide way. So, please try the following steps:

1. Create a conda environment using conda create -n conda-qgis and then activate this new environment by using conda activate conda-qgis .

2. Install QGIS through conda-forge in the current environment using conda install -c conda-forge qgis .

3. Open QGIS by running qgis .

4. Use the Python console in QGIS GUI, and run:

    import sys sys.path

   and you might get system paths like below:

    'C:/Anaconda3/envs/conda-qgis/Library/./python', 'C:/Users/Guohan/AppData/Roaming/QGIS/QGIS3\\\\profiles\\\\default/python', 'C:/Users/Guohan/AppData/Roaming/QGIS/QGIS3\\\\profiles\\\\default/python/plugins', 'C:/Anaconda3/envs/conda-qgis/Library/./python/plugins', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\Library\\\\python', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\Library\\\\python\\\\plugins', 'C:\\\\', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\python39.zip', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\DLLs', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\lib', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\Library\\\\bin', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\lib\\\\site-packages', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\lib\\\\site-packages\\\\win32', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\lib\\\\site-packages\\\\win32\\\\lib', 'C:\\\\Anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\conda-qgis\\\\lib\\\\site-packages\\\\Pythonwin', 'C:/Users/Guohan/AppData/Roaming/QGIS/QGIS3\\\\profiles\\\\default/python'

5. Copy all the paths above and get back to the command prompt and run:

    conda-develop PASTEHERE -n conda-qgis

   This will create a conda.pth file at the site-package directory, which stores all the environment path variables specified for this conda-qgis environment.

6. Finally, you should be able to use import qgis in an Anaconda environment.