使用awk或sed排列列？

Question

I have a file that has around 500 rows and 480K columns, I am required to move columns 2,3 and 4 at the end. My file is a comma separated file, is there a quicker way to arrange this using awk or sed?

Answer 1

您可以尝试以下解决方案-

perl -F"," -lane 'print "@F[0]"," ","@F[4..$#F]"," ","@F[1..3]"' input.file

Answer 2

You can copy the columns easily, moving will take too long for 480K columns.

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","} {print $0,$2,$3,$4}' input.file > output.file

what kind of a data format is this?

Answer 3

Testing with 5 fields:

$ cat foo
1,2,3,4,5
a,b,c,d,e
$ cat program.awk
{
    $6=$2 OFS $3 OFS $4 OFS $1  # copy fields to the end and $1 too
    sub(/^([^,],){4}/,"")       # remove 4 first columns
    $1=$5 OFS $1                # catenate current $5 (was $1) to $1 
    NF=4                        # reduce NF
} 1                             # print

Run it:

$ awk -f program.awk FS=, OFS=, foo
1,5,2,3,4
a,e,b,c,d

So theoretically this should work:

{
    $480001=$2 OFS $3 OFS $4 OFS $1
    sub(/^([^,],){4}/,"")
    $1=$480000 OFS $1
    NF=479999 
} 1

EDIT: It did work.

Answer 4

Perhaps perl:

perl -F, -lane 'print join(",", @F[0,4..$#F,1,2,3])' file

or

perl -F, -lane '@x = splice @F, 1, 3; print join(",", @F, @x)' file

Another approach: regular expressions

perl -lpe 's/^([^,]+)(,[^,]+,[^,]+,[^,]+)(.*)/$1$3$2/' file

---

Timing it with a 500 line file, each line containing 480,000 fields

$ time perl -F, -lane 'print join(",", @F[0,4..$#F,1,2,3])' file.csv > file2.csv
40.13user 1.11system 0:43.92elapsed 93%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 67960maxresident)k
0inputs+3172752outputs (0major+16088minor)pagefaults 0swaps

$ time perl -F, -lane '@x = splice @F, 1, 3; print join(",", @F, @x)' file.csv > file2.csv
34.82user 1.18system 0:38.47elapsed 93%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 52900maxresident)k
0inputs+3172752outputs (0major+12301minor)pagefaults 0swaps

And pure text manipulation is the winner

$ time perl -lpe 's/^([^,]+)(,[^,]+,[^,]+,[^,]+)(.*)/$1$3$2/' file.csv > file2.csv
4.63user 1.36system 0:20.81elapsed 28%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 20612maxresident)k
0inputs+3172752outputs (0major+149866minor)pagefaults 0swaps

Answer 5

Another technique, just bash:

while IFS=, read -r a b c d e; do
    echo "$a,$e,$b,$c,$d"
done < file