用一个迭代器将列表分成两部分的Python方式

Question

I am processing a text file with an irregular structure that consists of a header and of data in different sections. What I aim to do is walk through a list and jump to the next section once a certain character is encountered. I made a simple example below. What is the elegant way of dealing with this problem?

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3]

for line in lines:
    if line == '$':
        print("FOUND END OF HEADER")
        break
    else:
        print("Reading letters")

# Here, I start again, but I would like to continue with the actual
# state of the iterator, in order to only read the remaining elements.
for line in lines:
    print("Reading numbers")

Answer 1

You actually can have one iterator for both loops by creating your line iterator outside the for loop with the builtin function iter . This way it will be partially exhausted in the first loop and reusable in the next loop.

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3]

iter_lines = iter(lines) # This creates and iterator on lines

for line in iter_lines :
    if line == '$':
        print("FOUND END OF HEADER")
        break
    else:
        print("Reading letters")

for line in iter_lines:
    print("Reading numbers")

The above prints this result.

Reading letters
Reading letters
Reading letters
FOUND END OF HEADER
Reading numbers
Reading numbers
Reading numbers

Answer 2

You could use enumerate to keep track of where you are in the iteration:

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3]

for i, line in enumerate(lines):
    if line == '$':
        print("FOUND END OF HEADER")
        break
    else:
        print("Reading letters")

print(lines[i+1:]) #prints [1,2,3]

But, unless you actually need to process the header portion, the idea of @EdChum to simply use index is probably better.

Answer 3

A simpler way and maybe more pythonic:

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3]
print([i for i in lines[lines.index('$')+1:]])
# [1, 2, 3]

If you want to read each element after $ to different variables, try this:

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3]
a, b, c = [i for i in lines[lines.index('$')+1:]]
print(a, b, c)
# 1 2 3

Or if you are unaware of how many elements follow $ , you could do something like this:

lines = ['a','b','c','$', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
a, *b = [i for i in lines[lines.index('$')+1:]]
print(a, *b)
# 1 2 3 4 5 6

Answer 4

If you have more that one kind of separators, the most generic solution would be to built a mini-state machine to parse your data:

def state0(line):
  pass # processing function for state0

def state1(line):
  pass # processing function for state1

# and so on...

states = (state0, state1, ...)     # tuple grouping all processing functions
separators = {'$':1, '#':2, ...}   # linking separators and states
state = 0                          # initial state

for line in text:
  if line in separators:
    print('Found separator', line)
    state = separators[line]       # change state
  else:
    states[state](line)            # process line with associated function

This solution is able to correctly process arbitrary number of separators in arbitrary order with arbitrary number of repetitions. The only constraint is that a given separator is always followed by the same kind of data, that can be process by its associated function.