如果满足条件，则在 3D 数组中替换 2D 子数组

Question

I have a matrix that looks like this:

a = np.random.rand(3, 3, 3)

[[[0.04331462, 0.30333583, 0.37462236],
  [0.30225757, 0.35859228, 0.57845153],
  [0.49995805, 0.3539933,  0.11172398]],

 [[0.28983508, 0.31122743, 0.67818926],
  [0.42720309, 0.24416101, 0.5469823 ],
  [0.22894097, 0.76159389, 0.80416832]],

 [[0.25661154, 0.64389696, 0.37555374],
  [0.87871659, 0.27806621, 0.3486518 ],
  [0.26388296, 0.8993144,  0.7857116 ]]]

I want to check every block for a value smaller than 0.2. If value is smaller than 0.2 then the whole block equals 0.2. In this case:

[[[0.2 0.2 0.2]
  [0.2 0.2 0.2]
  [0.2 0.2 0.2]]

[[0.28983508 0.31122743 0.67818926]
 [0.42720309 0.24416101 0.5469823 ]
 [0.22894097 0.76159389 0.80416832]]

[[0.25661154 0.64389696 0.37555374]
 [0.87871659 0.27806621 0.3486518 ]
 [0.26388296 0.8993144  0.7857116 ]]]

Answer 1

Here is a vectorized way to get what you want.
Taking a from your example:

a[(a < 0.2).any(axis=1).any(axis=1)] = 0.2
print(a)

gives:

array([[[ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ],
        [ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ],
        [ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ]],

       [[ 0.28983508,  0.31122743,  0.67818926],
        [ 0.42720309,  0.24416101,  0.5469823 ],
        [ 0.22894097,  0.76159389,  0.80416832]],

       [[ 0.25661154,  0.64389696,  0.37555374],
        [ 0.87871659,  0.27806621,  0.3486518 ],
        [ 0.26388296,  0.8993144 ,  0.7857116 ]]])

---

Explanation:

Taking another example where each step will be more clear:

a = np.array([[[0.51442898, 0.90447442, 0.45082496],
               [0.59301203, 0.30025497, 0.43517362],
               [0.28300437, 0.64143037, 0.73974422]],
              [[0.228676  , 0.59093859, 0.14441217],
               [0.37169639, 0.57230533, 0.81976775],
               [0.95988687, 0.43372407, 0.77616701]],
              [[0.03098771, 0.80023031, 0.89061113],
               [0.86998351, 0.39619143, 0.16036088],       
               [0.24938437, 0.79131954, 0.38140462]]])

Let's see which elements are less than 0.2:

print(a < 0.2)

gives:

array([[[False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False]],

       [[False, False,  True],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False]],

       [[ True, False, False],
        [False, False,  True],
        [False, False, False]]])

From here we would like to get indices of those 2D arrays that have at least one True element: [False, True, True] . We require np.any for this. Note that I will be using np.ndarray.any method chaining here instead of nesting function calls of np.any . ¹

Now just using (a < 0.2).any() will give just True because by default it performs logical OR over all dimensions. We have to specify axis parameter. In our case we will be fine with either axis=1 or axis=2 . ²

print((a < 0.2).any(axis=1))

gives ³ :

array([[False, False, False],
       [False, False,  True],
       [ True, False,  True]])

From here we get desired boolean indices by applying another .any() along the rows:

print((a < 0.2).any(axis=1).any(axis=1))

gives:

array([False,  True,  True])

Fianlly, we can simply use this boolean index array to replace the values of the original array:

a[(a < 0.2).any(axis=1).any(axis=1)] = 0.2
print(a)

gives:

array([[[0.51442898, 0.90447442, 0.45082496],
        [0.59301203, 0.30025497, 0.43517362],
        [0.28300437, 0.64143037, 0.73974422]],

       [[0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ],
        [0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ],
        [0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ]],

       [[0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ],
        [0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ],
        [0.2       , 0.2       , 0.2       ]]])

---

¹ Just compare chaining:

a[(a < 0.2).any(axis=1).any(axis=1)] = 0.2

with nesting:

a[np.any(np.any(a < 0.2, axis=1), axis=1)] = 0.2

I think the latter is more confusing.

² For me this was difficult to comprehend at first. What helped me was to draw an image of a 3x3x3 cube, print results for different axis, and check which axis correspond to which directions. Also, here is an explanation of using axis with np.sum in 3D case: Axis in numpy multidimensional array.

³ One could expect to get [False, True, True] at once which is not the case. For explanation see this: Small clarification needed on numpy.any for matrices

Answer 2

Since you have three layer to your matrix, try this (having your matrix being a):

for x in a:
    for y in x:
        for z in y:
            if z < 0.2:
                z=0.2

Answer 3

for i, block in enumerate(a):
    if (block < 0.2).flatten().any():
        a[i] = np.ones(np.shape(block)) * 0.2

print(a)

array([[[ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ],
        [ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ],
        [ 0.2       ,  0.2       ,  0.2       ]],

       [[ 0.28983508,  0.31122743,  0.67818926],
        [ 0.42720309,  0.24416101,  0.5469823 ],
        [ 0.22894097,  0.76159389,  0.80416832]],

       [[ 0.25661154,  0.64389696,  0.37555374],
        [ 0.87871659,  0.27806621,  0.3486518 ],
        [ 0.26388296,  0.8993144 ,  0.7857116 ]]])