函数如何要求类型实现特征而不删除现有特征界限？

Question

I'm trying to have a main_func that returns a vector of a type T structs with a SrObject trait

struct TestA {
    value: u8,
}

pub trait SrObject {
    fn myfunc(&mut self);
}
impl SrObject for TestA {
    fn myfunc(&mut self) {
        unimplemented!();
    }
}
impl Default for TestA {
    fn default() -> TestA {
        TestA { value: 3u8 }
    }
}

fn main_func<T: SrObject>(t: T) -> Vec<T> {
    let mut v = Vec::<T>::new();
    for i in 0..10 {
        v.push(T::default());
        //v[i].myfunc();
    }
    return v;
}

it gives:

error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `default` found for type `T` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:22:16
   |
22 |         v.push(T::default());
   |                ^^^^^^^^^^ function or associated item not found in `T`
   |
   = help: items from traits can only be used if the trait is implemented and in scope
   = note: the following trait defines an item `default`, perhaps you need to implement it:
           candidate #1: `std::default::Default`

I understand that I don't have the Default trait in fn main_func<T: SrObject> , but how can I achieve this without removing the SrObject trait?

Answer 1

I'd encourage you to go back and reread The Rust Programming Language . This is a free online book that the Rust community has created that covers a broad spectrum of the things you need to know to be a successful Rust programmer.

In this case, the chapter on traits mentions this about trait bounds :

We can specify multiple trait bounds on a generic type by using + . If we needed to be able to use display formatting on the type T in a function as well as the summary method, we can use the trait bounds T: Summarizable + Display . This means T can be any type that implements both Summarizable and Display .

For your case:

fn main_func<T: SrObject + Default>() -> Vec<T> {
    (0..10).map(|_| T::default()).collect()
}

Or

fn main_func<T>() -> Vec<T>
where
    T: SrObject + Default,
{
    (0..10).map(|_| T::default()).collect()
}

Other changes to make it idiomatic:

• Don't specify the type of v when calling Vec::new ; it will be inferred.
• Don't use an explicit return at the end of a function.
• Use Iterator::map and Iterator::collect to convert the iterator into a collection, instead of pushing elements by hand.

See also:

• Difference between <T: Trait> and where T: Trait